Sectionalism and Nationalism (1815-1840)

1. Sectionalism and Nationalism (1815-1840) Ithaca New York City New Orleans

2. British Naval Blockade in the War of 1812 Stops trade with other countries Tecumseh

4. Industrial Revolution in New England textile mill in Lowell, Mass. 12-hour work days, 6 days a week ‘mill girls’

5. New England Farms were small and not highly profitable Short growing season Poor soil This is so hard.

7. Copying British technology, the first factories were textile mills Lowell Mill Girls - YouTube Ind Revolution Lowell Mills - YouTube Awesome textiles

8. North - smaller farms, fewer labor-intensive crops, less demand for slavery, more cities and industries South – large farms and plantations growing cotton and tobacco, made profitable by the use of slave labor

9. 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWnGqrHAVBg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWnGqrHAVBg

11. Found Voices: Slave Narratives Pt 1 - YouTube

12. The Cotton Gin Made cotton-growing (using slaves) more profitable http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bns6aKfrIjA

13. The American System Plan to unify and strengthen the nation with tariffs, a national bank and a transportation network Henry Clay

14. http://www.businessinsider.com/americas-biggest-tariffs-2010-9?op=1http://www.businessinsider.com/americas-biggest-tariffs-2010-9?op=1 The American System Henry Clay

15. The National Road Today’s interstate highway system A federally-funded road begun in 1811, intended to unite different regions of the country and promote trade CNN Video - Breaking News Videos from CNN.com

16. State turnpikes State-run and state-financed toll roads

17. The Erie Canal 360 miles long; connects the Hudson River with Lake Erie; built between 1817 and 1825 Time lapse trip through the Erie Canal - YouTube

18. Before the canal’s completion, a person shipping cargo between Buffalo and New York City paid between $90 and $125 a ton. By 1835, the cost had dropped to $4 per ton. Within a year of the opening of the Erie Canal, some 2,000 boats, 9,000 horses, and 8,000 men were employed in the transportation of goods on the canal.

19. 1833-1878 44 locks over 15 miles (Erie had 83 locks) Dug by hand

20. 1820s-1830s South Hill - Ithaca

21. The Guide To Trading Candy - YouTube Happy Halloween

22. Roads and travel times - 1800 …and in 1830

25. Railroads…

26. Main idea: nationalism exerted a strong influence in the courts, foreign affairs and westward expansion during this time (1815-1840) Nationalism

27. Justice John Marshall Chief Justice 1801-1835 Appointed by John Adams Marbury v. Madison(judicial review) 1803 McCulloch v. Maryland (National Bank is constitutional and states can’t interfere) 1819 I was appointed for life! You can’t touch me! Gibbons v. Ogden (Only Congress can regulate interstate commerce) 1824

28. Sometimes called the “Era of Good Feelings”

29. The Monroe Doctrine 1823 No European country can come into our hemisphere! President Monroe Policy of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

30. Some U.S. interventions in Latin America since the Monroe Doctrine… 1823: The Monroe Doctrine declares that Latin America is within the United States' "sphere of influence". 1846: The US goes to war with Mexico and the latter is forced to cede half its national territory to its northern "neighbor", including present-day Texas and California. 1854: The US navy bombards and destroys the Nicaraguan port town of San Juan del Norte. The attack occurred after US millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt sailed his yacht into the port and an official attempted to levy charges on his boat. The navy attack was to pave the way for William Walker. 1855: William Walker, operating on behalf of bankers Morgan & Garrison, invades Nicaragua and proclaims himself President. During his two year rule, Walker also invaded neighboring El Salvador and Honduras (proclaiming himself head of state in each of these countries also). Walker restored slavery in areas under his occupation. 1898: The US declares war on Spain and annexes Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Hawaii. US forces also occupied Cuba, another former Spanish colony, after the war. 1901: US forces leave Cuba and the country gains its "independence" only after passage of the infamous Platt Amendment, under which the US abrogated to itself the "right" to intervene in Cuba's internal affairs at any time. Cuba was also forced to cede Gauntanamo Bay to the US, in perpetuity. 1903: The US "encourages" the creation of the separate state of Panama, then a part of Colombia and acquires rights to the Panama Canal. In later years, former President Theodore Roosevelt - the effective creator of Panama - was to remark: "I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate". Colombia was later paid $25 million in compensation. 1905: US President Theodore Roosevelt declares the United States to be "the policeman" of the Caribbean; the Dominican Republic (then part of Hispaniola) is then found to have committed an offence and is placed under a "customs receivership". 1912: U.S. marines invade Nicaragua, beginning an occupation that was to last almost continuously until 1933. In the same year, President Taft declares: "The day is not far distant when three Stars & Stripes at three equidistant points will mark our territory: one at the North Pole, another at the Panama Canal and the third at the South Pole. The whole hemisphere will be ours in fact as, by virtue of our superiority of race, it already is ours morally." 1914: The US navy shells the port city of Veracruz, an attack apparently caused by the refusal of some Mexicans to salute the Stars & Stripes. During World War I, the US also invaded Mexico and Hispaniola (present day Dominican Republic and Haiti). They stayed for 20 years. 1933: US forces leave Nicaragua leaving dictator Anastasio Somoza and his National Guard in control. 1954: The CIA orchestrates the overthrow of the democratically-elected government of JacoboArbenz, in Guatemala. A Guatemalan poet described the Arbenz government as "years of spring in a country of eternal tyranny." Almost 40 years of violence and repression followed, culminating in the "scorched earth" government terror of the 1980s. Over 150,000 people lost their lives. 1961: US-backed forces invade Cuba but suffer defeat at the Bay of Pigs. 1965: 23,000 troops sent to the Dominican Republic to "restore order", following a popular uprising against the country's military regime. 1973: A US-backed coup overthrows the elected government of Salvador Allende, ushering in the regime of General Augusto Pinochet. 1981: The Reagan Administration initiates the "contra war" against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. 1983: US invasion of Grenada. 1989: US invasion of Panama to arrest one-time protégé, Manual Noriega. The operation leaves thousands of civilian casualties. 1990: Massive US intervention in the Nicaraguan election process through covert and overt means. Washington openly funded the opposition coalition, yet such foreign funding of US parties would be illegal under US law. 2000: As part of the "War on Drugs", the US launches Plan Colombia, a massive civil and military aid program for a country with perhaps the worst human rights record in the hemisphere. Total US funding is $1.3 bn, with 83 percent of that going to the military. Plan Colombia later becomes subsumed into the War on Terror. 2002: The US supports and funds elements that organized the unsuccessful April 11 coup in Venezuela. This here’s my territory, see? And you better not cross this line or else!

32. Missouri comes in as a slave state; Maine comes in as a free state; The compromise line will separate new slave and free states. An agreement in Congress that maintained the balance between slave states and free states

33. From the frontier (Tennessee): became famous from the Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812); very popular among rural and western white population; know for the Indian Removal Act, being a champion of individual liberty, supporting limited government; his supporters start the Democratic Party Andrew Jackson Actual photograph Andrew Jackson: Most Terrifying Man Ever Elected President - YouTube

34. Jackson’s 1829 Inauguration

35. Andrew Jackson: Good, Evil, and the Presidency - YouTube

37. Newfield in the 1830s 5 grist mills (2 in the village) and 21 sawmills (3 in the village); Newfield was still offering a $10 bounty on full-grown wolf skins; 15 schoolhouses – no high school yet; lumber and exporting deer skins are still important industries; a lot of businesses in the village – 2 stores, blacksmiths, a tannery, a cooper, a hotel, a tavern, a (wool) cloth factory…and about 60 houses The tannery (where the Town Hall is now) prepared deer skins as follows: the skins were de-haired by using lime and then soaked in a mixture called “bate”, comprised of hen dung, salt and water, all of which was dumped (untreated) into the creek when the process was over. Apparently, it smelled awful.

38. Law that forced Native Americans east of the Mississippi River to move to the lands in the West. The Indian Removal Act of 1830

39. The Cherokee Nation http://www.cherokee.org/Portals/0/Documents/2011/4/308011999-2003-CN-CONSTITUTION.pdf

40. The Trail of Tears http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LSkfmCj8Jg Forced removal of Cherokee people from Georgia to the Indian Territory 1838-1840

41. John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster From South Carolina Thought that tariffs benefitted only the Northern States, at the expense of the Southern States From Massachusetts Thought that states not submitting to federal law was the same as ‘revolution’ The federal government is taking too much power away from the states The States’ Rights Issue

42. John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster These northerners will ruin our way of life Northern States Southern States These southerners need to learn who’s in charge. I believe in nullification – the right of a state to refuse to recognize an act of Congress if the state thinks it’s unconstitutional Nullification is illegal, and will lead to disunion. The country will come apart. The States’ Rights Issue

43. How much power should the federal government have? Still an issue!

44. Jackson hated the Bank of the United States, calling it a “privileged institution”, and vetoed its charter (killed it) in 1836. After that, government funds were placed in certain state banks.

45. In 1834, the Whig Partyforms, mostly as a reaction to Andrew Jackson and his supporters. Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster…eventually Abraham Lincoln They believe in the American System…tariffs, infrastructure and federal control of the banking system