The Growth of Nationalism, 1815-1840

1. The Growth of Nationalism, 1815-1840 Libertyville HS

2. 1815: New Leaders Emerging • Speaker of the House Henry Clay • KY, represents the W • John Calhoun • SC, represents the S • Daniel Webster • MA, represents the NE

3. Clay’s “American System” • Create “a self sufficient national economy” • Goals – prevent disunion, strengthen national gov’t • Avoid foreign (British) “dumping” • Methods • Protective tariff (NE) • National bank (NE) • High land prices (Fed) • Build roads & canals (W, S)

4. The American System • Protective Tariff of 1816 • 20-25% increase on all imported goods • Purpose: buy American! • The Second Bank of the United States (BUS) – created in 1816 • Private bank • Paid $1.5 million to gov’t for special license (charter) • Gov’t deposited its money with BUS • BUS promoted single currency

5. The American System • Transportation • National (Cumberland) Road begun in 1811 at federal expense • Canals • Bonus Bill • Calhoun: create road to link the S & W to the E, from charter $ (“Bonus”) • New E. feared it would drain population, create competing states in LA • Calhoun argued its constitutional under general welfare, post road clauses • Vetoed by Madison under strict interp of Constitution Cumberland Road, 1811-1838

6. Supreme Court and Nationalism • Chief Justice John Marshall • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) • MD wanted to turn private U. into a public U, breaking K from decades ago • SC: Federal law protects contracts • “Magna Carta of the Corporation” Daniel Webster arguing Dartmouth case

7. USSC and Nationalism • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • MD taxed 2d BUS • Question: state tax feds? • SC: BUS is legal • Federal law is supreme over states • “Power to tax is the power to destroy” • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Steamboat coastal ferries • Only the Fed gov’t may regulate interstate commerce (NY invalid) McCulloch text, in 1819 Minute book

8. Nationalism & Foreign Affairs • Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 • Spain gives FL to US • US-Spanish border set • US assumes $5 million in debt • Spain gives up claims to Oregon • US gives up claims to TX, W of river • Irony? (Think MO Compromise …)

9. Nationalism & Foreign Policy • Monroe Doctrine emerges, 1823 • Latin American revolutions, 1815-1820s • Spain was losing its overseas empire! • What did the powers of Europe do?! What does this cartoon represent? (discuss with neighbor to L / frnt)

10. Monroe Doctrine Emerges • “Holy Alliance” • Austria, Russia, Prussia • Anti-democratic, anti revolution, anti-secular; pro- monarchy • Rumors of possible attack by HA on Americas, to restore Spain

11. Monroe Doctrine Emerges • European nations with involvement in Western Hemisphere, 1800s • Spain • Mexico, Central America, W. South America • Great Britain • Canada, Caribbean, N. coast of South America • Russia • Occupied Alaska, W coast of Canada • Pushing S toward CA

12. Monroe Doctrine Emerges • Holy Alliance invited UK to join, 1822 • UK (PM Canning): rejection! • UK was pro democracy • UK was pro free trade w/ Latin America

13. Monroe Doctrine Emerges • PM Canning invited US into alliance against Holy Alliance • SoS JQ Adams to Monroe: remember GW’s advice (what was it?) • Already fought two wars vs. British… • Equality of alliance? PM Canning J.Q. Adams Monroe

14. Monroe Doctrine • Monroe laid out doctrine • W. Hemisphere was closed to further colonization • No US interference in existing colonies • No US interference in European affairs • No European interference “dangerous to US peace & safety” • True enforcer of Doctrine = British navy