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Nationalism and Sectionalism

Nationalism and Sectionalism. 1812-1855 U. S. History 112. Casualties of the War of 1812. Lives of many soldiers, settlers and Indians U. S. economy British desire to fight wars with their colonies Federalist Party. Progress in Industry and Transportation. Industrial Revolution

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Nationalism and Sectionalism

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  1. Nationalism and Sectionalism 1812-1855 U. S. History 112

  2. Casualties of the War of 1812 • Lives of many soldiers, settlers and Indians • U. S. economy • British desire to fight wars with their colonies • Federalist Party

  3. Progress in Industry and Transportation • Industrial Revolution • Samuel Slater – 1790 • Born in England • Apprenticed to pioneer in textile technology • Emigrated to US (forbidden by English law) • Built machinery and machines from memory • “Father of American Factory System” • Produced cotton thread • At death, owned 13 textile mills • Francis Cabot Lowell – 1813 • Produced all steps to cloth • “Lowell girls”

  4. Progress in Industry and Transportation • Industrial Revolution • Eli Whitney • Inventor from New England • Contract with government to make 10,000 guns in two years • Interchangeable Parts – 1798 • To speed production • To make repairs easier • Cotton Gin – 1793 • 1 pound a day v. 1000 pounds a day • Price of cotton skyrocketed, became major plantation crop, plantation system spread, slavery increased • # of slaves in South doubled 1790-1820

  5. Progress in Industry and Transportation • Transportation Revolution • Roads • Corduroy roads • Plank roads • Cumberland/National Road - 1818 • Started Baltimore 1811 • Today US Route 40 • Wilderness Road • Daniel Boone

  6. Progress in Industry and Transportation • Transportation Revolution • Steamship - 1807 • Robert Fulton – 1st commercially successful • Reduced trip time from New Orleans to Louisville, Kentucky from 4 months to 20 days • Revolutionized river and transatlantic travel

  7. Progress in Industry and Transportation • Transportation Revolution • Canals • 3200 miles built 1816-1840 • Most in Northeast • Erie Canal – completed in 1825 • Best known • Lake Erie – Hudson River • Made New York City nation’s greatest commercial center

  8. Progress in Industry and Transportation • Transportation Revolution • Railroads – 1830 • More durable and efficient • Came from Britain • Baltimore and Ohio (B & O) – 1st American railroad • Developed from Watt Steam engine • 1840 – over 3300 miles of track

  9. Sectional Differences • Northerners • Favored protective tariff, 2nd Bank of the United States, internal improvements at federal expense • Economic pursuits - shipping, fishing, lumbering and farming • Significant industrialization • Utilized free labor • Powerful class of industrial capitalists • Massachusetts – leading industrial state • Chief products – textiles, leather goods, iron implements, utensils, machinery • Created jobs for large immigrant population

  10. Sectional Differences • Southerners • Opposed protective tariff, 2nd Bank of the United States, internal improvements at federal expense • Favored liberal land policy, territorial expansion into the Southwest, expansion of slavery • Farming economy • Many small subsistence farmers • Small # of wealthy plantation owners dominated • Used slave labor • Cash crops – tobacco, rice, sugar but cotton was “King” • 1790 – 2 million pounds annually • 1826 – 330 million pounds annually

  11. Sectional Differences African Americans • All states practiced slavery originally • 1808 – Overseas slave trade outlawed • Northeast – no slaves • South – demand for slaves soared • 1820 -1860 • Price went from $600 - $1800 • Number went from 1.5 million to 4 million

  12. Sectional Differences • Westerners • Favored protective tariffs, liberal land policy, territorial expansion, internal improvements at federal expense • Opposed 2nd Bank of the United States, expansion of slavery • Small, family-size farms • Raised wheat, rye, corn, meat • Worked hard on own farms to improve economic status

  13. Sectional Differences • Native Americans • Move them West!!

  14. Nationalism in America • Nationalism – Pride in America • Sectionalism – Pride in section of country • Nationalism briefly dominant • Most Americans favored extending the powers of the national government • Most Americans considered problems from a national rather than a sectional viewpoint

  15. Election of 1816 • Only one Party • Democratic Republicans split in 1824 • James Monroe • First heavy drinker • Died on Independence Day – 1831 • Ambassador who purchased Louisiana • Refurbished White House after War of 1812 • Furniture Scandal • Re-elected in 1820 receiving all but one vote • Administration called “Era of Good Feeling” (1817-1823)

  16. Foreign Affairs and Nationalism • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) • US and Great Britain • Resolved issue not addressed in Treaty of Ghent • Naval disarmament on Great Lakes • Border between Canada and US • Convention of 1818 • Set boundary of US and Canada at 49th parallel • Share Oregon Territory for 10 years

  17. Foreign Affairs and Nationalism • Purchase of Florida (1819) • Problems • Owned by Spain • Harbored pirates, smugglers, runaway slaves, Seminole Indians • Raided American settlements in Southeast • Andrew Jackson • Given command of troops to restore order • Crossed border, overthrew Spanish government in Pensacola • Not what he was ordered to do • Sent ambassador to buy Florida

  18. Foreign Affairs and Nationalism • Adams-Onis Treaty • John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State • Luis de Onis – Spain Foreign Minister • Provisions • Spain sold Florida to the US for $5 million • US gave up claims to Texas • Spain would accept the 42nd parallel as the boundary between the Oregon Country and Spain’s colony of Mexico

  19. Foreign Affairs and Nationalism • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Spanish colonies declared independence • Spain wanted them back • US wanted Spain out of W. Hemisphere • Doctrine states: • W. Hemisphere closed to European colonization • US would not interfere with existing colonies • US would not interfere in European politics • Any attempt by Europeans to intervene in W. Hemisphere would be viewed as dangerous to our peace and safety – left vague so American response left to the discretion of the President

  20. The Supreme Court and Nationalism • John Marshall • Chief Justice for 34 years • Supported trend toward national power • Opinions enlarged power of the Supreme Court • Broadened government’s power over the states • Established idea of judicial review

  21. Nationalism Challenged by Slavery Issue • Missouri Compromise • Issues • Missouri Territory (part of Louisiana) applied for admission to union as a slave state • Upset balance between slave and free states • Would give South control of Senate • Compromise – work of Henry Clay • Maine entered as a free state • Missouri entered as slave state • All territory north of 36 30’ parallel closed to slavery

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