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Rome. The Legacy of Rome. Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering Aqueducts Sewage systems Dams Cement Arch. The Geography of Rome. The History of Ancient Italy. Italy in 750 BCE.
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The Legacy of Rome • Republic Government • Roman Law • Latin Language • Roman Catholic Church • City Planning • Romanesque Architectural Style • Roman Engineering • Aqueducts • Sewage systems • Dams • Cement • Arch
The History of Ancient Italy
Influence of the Etruscans • Writing • Religion • The Arch
Etruscans Cont’d • Very Influenced by Greeks. Had City-states. • Men and Women seen as equals • Aristocratic Society. • Ruled over Rome (city-state at the time) • About 509 B.C. the Romans (patricians) run off Tarquin the Proud. • Vow to never have a Monarchy again. • Set up a Republic
Romulus and Remus • 2 twin brothers. Mother was a Vestile Virgin. • Jealous Uncle got rid of them. • Raised by She-Wolf. • Go back and kill uncle. • Set out to build city where they were found by she-wolf. • Find 7 hills. • Romulus kills Remus following a feud. • Romulus is 1st king of Rome. • Story Legend? ……or True?
The Roman Republic: 509 BCE - 27 BCE
Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE • Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.
Punic Wars • Series of 3 different Wars • 1st was 264- 241 B.C. • Fought over the island of SICILY. • Rome had no Navy, but copied a stolen Carthage ship into their own fleet. Added the Corvus to it. • Rome’s navy will conquer in the end • Rome gets Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica • 2nd was 218- 202 B.C. • Hannibal great leader of the Carthagenians • Defeated by Scipio. • Carthage ceded Spain to Rome, paid war tax, limit fleet to 10 ships • 3rd was 146 – 145 B.C. • Romans totally destroy Carthage. Pour salt on ground. • Nothing to grow there. • Became part of Rome
Reform Leaders • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. • Both are killed for their reforms Military Reformer • Gaius Marius • recruited an army from the poorand homeless. • professional standing army. • People owed allegience to him and not Rome
The First Triumvirate • Julius Caesar • Marcus Licinius Crassus • Gaius Magnus Pompey
Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!
Julius Caesar Notes • Joined forces with Crassus and Pompey – 1stTriumverate. • Served 1 year as consul, then Governor of Gaul • Great General; Loyalty of men • Pompey becomes Jealous; Crassus Dies. • Senate orders Caesar to come home. • Pompey and Caesar battle. Caesar wins 44 B.C. • Dictator for life in 44 B.C. • Fed the poor; gave jobs; gave land • Had an affair with Cleopatra in Egypt • Senators feared his rise to power.
Beware the Ides of March! 1544 BCE 60 Senators decide to kill Caesar. Main men Brutus; Et Tu Brute!?
The Second Triumvirate • Octavian Augustus • Marc Antony • Marcus Lepidus
The Roman Empire: 27 BCE - 476 CE
PaxRomana • Stands for “Peace in Rome” • 207 year time period • Population= 60-80 million • Size of Empire= 3 million sq. miles • Starts with Augustus
Daily Life in Rome • Eldest Male= Paterfamilia….could disown children, sell into slavery, banish family members • Women had many rights but can’t vote • Noble boys= school; graduate at 16 • Women married between 12-15yrs. Old • Coliseum= 50,000 people • Circus Maximus= 300,000 people
Daily Life Cont’d • Slaves made to fight Gladiator style • Honored gods and goddesses of Greeks; different names • Rich people ate Ostrich and parrot tongue pie!? • Poor were given rations of grain • 150 days a year were holidays • Poor offered free games and gladiator fights; kept them distracted • Christianity begins to filter into empire
Christianity Basic Beliefs • Embraced all people • Gave hope to the powerless • Appealed to those who did not like extravagances of Rome • Personal relationship with God • Promised eternal life after death
Beginnings of Christianity • Romans allowed to worship as they wished as long as they honored Roman Gods and the Emperor. Contradicts Christianity • Zealots(Jewish)= only wanted to worship their God. Fought against Romans • Romans destroy their Temple except for Western Wall= Wailing Wall • Jews banned from Jerusalem • Religion spreads with Jesus of Nazareth
Christianity Cont’d • Jesus traveled countryside teaching to love God above all else and to love others • Roman Gov’t feared Jesus and arrest and Crucify him • After his death, Jesus arose and walked the earth, appearing to followers before ascending into heaven.
Timeline of Christianity • 6 B.C. Jesus born • 1A.D.-----First year in Christian calendar (a.d. = anno Domini) • 27-29 A.D.? John the Baptist begins ministry • 27-34 A.D. ? Jesus baptized by John the Baptist • 33-34 A.D. John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod Antipas • 33-36 A.D. Jesus' ministry • 36 A.D. Jesus crucified, Friday, March 30th, Last Supper would have been Thursday evening. • 100 A.D. Roman Law outlaws Christianity • 300 A.D. Roman Law accepts Christianity again • 312 A.D. Constantine gets baptized on his deathbed (Edict of Milan) • 391 A.D. Theodosius makes Christianity official religion of Rome.
Jesus’ Mission Baptism Agony in the Garden Crucifixion
