University of Palestine Dept. of Architecture @ Urban Planning

1. University of Palestine Dept. of Architecture @ Urban Planning Introduction to Planning ( EAGD 3304 ) M.A. Architect: Tayseer Mushtaha Email: mushtaha_t@yahoomail.com 10/11/2008

2. THE DISCUSSION FOR TODAY WILL COVER,,, • City planning principles • Contents of city plans • History of city planning/town planning • CITY PLANNING

3. CITY PLANNING - Principles • City Planning includes development schemes for a city to ensure: • Physical Development التنمية العمرانية والمادية • Social Development التنمية الاجتماعية • Economic Development التنمية الاقتصادية SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

4. CITY PLANNING – A master Plan of A city The Master Plan for a city includes the following: Land use plan for lands within city borders: Residential, recreational, industrial, commercial, green, cemeteries,….etc Roads and transportation Building lines Water and sewage Professions Building regulations : setbacks, density, height, services,….etc SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

5. CITY PLANNING – A master Plan of A city The Master Plan for a city consists of a land use plan, other plans like transportation, water, sewage, ..etc and Regulations. Scale of Plans : Less than 100,000 Dunums : 1 : 5000 More than 100,000 Dunums : 1 : 10000 For an area with more than one city : 1 : 20000 SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

6. LANDUSE PLAN – the master Plan of Gaza city SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

7. History of Urban Planning • The Dawn of Urbanization • The birth of a Village • The birth of a City • Mesopotamian Towns • Early Egyptian Towns • Greek Towns • Roman Towns • Middle Ages Towns • Renaissance Towns • Industrial Towns • Modern Towns and Cities SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

8. The Dawn of Urbanization • Primitive societies had a culture but had no physical civilization • Tents, Caves and Huts SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

9. The birth of a Village • Tribes started to gather for protection and compose villages. • Built on sites where there is a natural defensivemeasures SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

10. The birth of Towns • Increase of the size of the village and at the same time change of life style • Emergence of new professions like trade, investors, religious, and other urban elements. • Had a central religious and political centre • Used to be surrounded by a fence and had three authorities : Citadel ( political), Temple ( religious) , and warehouses (economic ) • Its planning integrated with the requirements of war. SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

11. 5000 BC , great towns of Ur (about 1000 Dunums and 24000 people , Babel, Ashor, Ninue ( Mawsel ), etc Integrated with the rivers (rivers as transportation and a place where there is food and water ). Houses of mud, Ziggurats temples Hammurabi ( Babel ) issued building regulations and penalties. Mesopotamian Towns SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

12. Babel SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

13. Early Egyptian Towns • Social Structure : • Aristocratic : Pharaohs, Nobles, Priests • Free ( Middle Class) : Merchants, Professionals • Peasants Class • Slaves class • Central area :Temple and Palace. • Tel Alamarna : • Royal road in the middle, • City quarters are gathered around palaces, temples and public buildings • Houses of high classes lied on major roads and surrounded bygardens • Workers city is far from the original city, has small homes (50 m) SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

14. Greek Towns • Greeks built small towns appropriate for human scale • Natural borders for the town • Parts of the town were planned according to geometrical patterns and others according to defensive measures • Democracy, Buildings of poor and rich are a side, public baths. • Agora in the center and includes : • Assembly hall • Council hall • Chamber hall SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

15. Roman cities • plenty of towns in invaded areas - medium towns for about 50000 inh. to keep agriculture around • Division of agricultural land into rectangular parcels. • Grid pattern for most of Roman cities التخطيط الشبكي • The city was divided into neighborhoods and quarters with their own centers • Two major and central intersected roads : • Cardo: North South • Decomanus: East West * The Forumat the intersection of the two major roads : the central public space Torino - Italy SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

16. Medieval Cities • Feudalism System • Importance of the cathedral besides the castle and the palace • Fences around the city with gates, castle, mosque or cathedral or a temple inside • Another fence for the castle SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

17. Renaissance cities • Shrinkage of Feudalism system and the authority of commerce and industry • Artistic features in cities • Public spaces ( Piazza OR square) SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

18. Industrial Cities • Industry and industrial towns close to factories – facilities like schools and shops • Active movement from country to towns • Railways and rail waystations played a role in the planning of towns. SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

19. Industrial Cities SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

20. Modern Cities • As a reaction to industrial towns , there were many theories for modern and future cities started from the end of the 19th Century until the time being SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

21. NEXT DISCUSSION WILL COVER; TOWN OR CITY PLANNING Modern Cities IN ADDITION TO PRESENTATION OF ONE OF THE RESEARCH GROUPS (subject … structural planning ) GOOD LUCK