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CH 25

CH 25. Latin America. Causes for unrest in Latin America. American Revolution French Revolution Latin America not OK with some of the ideals ( ie : getting rid of the church, social leveling) Liked: “liberty, equality and fraternity”

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CH 25

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  1. CH 25 Latin America

  2. Causes for unrest in Latin America • American Revolution • French Revolution • Latin America not OK with some of the ideals (ie: getting rid of the church, social leveling) • Liked: “liberty, equality and fraternity” • 1791 Toussaint L’Ouverture Haitian rebellion (more on this later)

  3. Spanish and Portuguese • Governing class: Peninsularies • Creoles (born in Latin Am. But are white) • Wealthy plantation people, wanted the penisularies out • 10 million less privileged classes (slaves, indigenous people, mixed backgrounds) • When Napoleon invaded Spain and Port., this weakened their authority in these colonies…by 1810 revolts were happening • Mask of Ferdinand • Pretenders to the throne (local elites)

  4. Revolts • Mexico • Peasant rebellion led by Father Miguel de Hildalgo • Lost to conservative creoles • S. America 1810 • Northern S. America: Revolts led by Simon Bolivar ($, Creole) • Wanted a united states of Latin America…but didn’t happen • Regional rivalry and $$ competition • Disagreements re: what type of republic to have • Southern S. America • Rebellion led by Jose de San Martin • not united; eventually became independent republics • Brazil • Scared of revolution b/c they were making $$$ • When Napoleon invaded Portugal (1807), the royals fled to Brazil, they returned in 1821 and left their son Pedro to rule Brazil, he bargained with the Creoles and declared Brazil independent from Portugal! • Constitutional monarchy

  5. Revolutions • Haiti (island of Hispaniola) • Major producers of Sugar • Spain controlled the E. / France the W. • West was very wealthy • Those who escaped the plantations were known as Maroons • French sent men to fight in the Am. Rev. …they got a taste of reform • French Revolution broke out, many wanted their freedoms in Hispaniola too • During this time, Slave Revolt also breaks in 1791 • Slaves led by Toussaint L’Ouverture who had a strong army • Slaves dominated by 1797—controlled much of the island • 1801: A new Constitution granting rights to all • By 1804: Haiti was the 2nd independent republic in the W. Hemisphere; the first to abolish slavery • Economic issues followed b/c many refused to trade with them b/c of the emancipation

  6. Intellectual/social • Novels relating to the plight of the slaves • Schools opened in 1842 for girls and boys in Mexico city • Women began to have more rights • Teachers received advanced education • Gave way to more voice in politics • Immigration increased • Particularly in Argentina due to increased tech

  7. Results • Creoles became the dominate class • Peninsularies returned to Europe • Socially stratified • Slavery continued in some parts • Roman Catholic church still reigned supreme • Lower classes still repressed

  8. Additional Information • Caudillos • Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force; they had large armies who were fiercely loyal to regional commanders • Spanish-American War over Cuba-1898 • US supported independence for Cuba • US got Puerto Rico, Guam and bought the Philippines • Rights over the Panama Canal 1908 • Theodore Roosevelt-worked to build it • Shortened the trade routes • Showed American power, many in L. America were suspicious of Americans

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