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The Halogens

The Halogens. A group of non metal elements. State at room temperature. Chlorine is a yellow – green gas Bromine is a red - brown liquid which easily evaporates to give an orange – brown vapour Iodine is a grey – black solid which sublimes to give a violet vapour. Atomic radius.

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The Halogens

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  1. The Halogens A group of non metal elements

  2. State at room temperature • Chlorine is a yellow – green gas • Bromine is a red - brown liquid which easily evaporates to give an orange – brown vapour • Iodine is a grey – black solid which sublimes to give a violet vapour

  3. Atomic radius • Fluorine 0.072nm • Chlorine 0.099nm • Bromine 0.114nm • Iodine 0.133nm As atomic radius increases the strength of forces between molecules increase

  4. Trends in melting and boiling points

  5. Reflect on the information on the last two slides and come up with an explanation for the trends in melting and boiling points of the halogens

  6. Reactivity F Cl Cl Decreasing Reactivity Br Br I I At Sodium + chlorine sodium chloride 2Na(s) + Cl2 (g) 2NaCl(s)

  7. Electron arrangements of Halogens • Fluorine 2,7 • Chlorine 2,8,7 • Bromine 2,8,18,7 • Iodine 2,8,18,8,7 • What does each halogen need to fill its outer shell? • What is happening to the attractive force of the nucleus for the outer shell as the Group is descended?

  8. Reactivity of the Halogens • Reflect upon the information and your answers to questions from the last two slides and explain the trend in reactivity

  9. Displacement reactions of halogens A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of its halide

  10. Chlorine will displace both bromine and iodine eg: Cl2 + 2K+Br- Br2 + 2K+Cl- Bromine can only displace iodine. Br2 + 2K+I- I2 + 2K+Br- Iodine cannot displace either chlorine or bromine.

  11. DISPLACEMENT REACIONS • Look carefully at what happens to the halogens and the halide ions in each of the reactions • Look back at the explanation you produced for the trend in reactivity of the halogens • Use these to explain why displacement reactions occur between halogens and halide ions

  12. Uses of Halogens • Chlorine is used to purify water in swimming pools etc as it kills bacteria. • Chlorine is also used as bleach. • Iodine is used as an antiseptic on cuts and grazes.

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