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Halogens

Halogens. Sam Souder, Katie Miller, Ryan Cho, Emily Coutts. History/Discovery. Halogen include Fluorine (F) gas, Chlorine ( Cl ) gas, Bromine (BR) liquid, Iodine (I) solid, and Astatine (At) solid.

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Halogens

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  1. Halogens Sam Souder, Katie Miller, Ryan Cho, Emily Coutts

  2. History/Discovery • Halogen include Fluorine (F) gas, Chlorine (Cl) gas, Bromine (BR) liquid, Iodine (I) solid, and Astatine (At) solid. • It was given the name halogen from the Greek roots hal meaning salt, and gen meaning to produce because they all produce salt when mixed with a metal. • They have similarities in their general chemical behavior and in the properties of their compounds with other elements. • An 18th century French scientist created the halogen group.

  3. Halogen Elements • Fluorine- Discovered in 1886 by Henri Moissan • Chlorine- Discovered in 1774 by C.W. Scheele • Iodine- Discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois • Astatine- Discovered in 1940 by D.R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzi, and Emilio Segre • Bromine- Discovered in 1826 by Antoine Jerome Balard

  4. Common Uses Fluorine • Manufacture of rocket fuels • Used in toothpaste to prevent tooth decay • Used in early production of aerosol sprays and cleaning agents until it was discovered harmful Chlorine • Disinfectants (pools, dishes, wounds, surfaces) • Used in cleaning products Bromine • Dyes • Medicines • Pesticides • Water purification Iodine • Halogen lamps • Necessary for proper function of the thyroid gland

  5. Everyday Reactions Sodium Hypochlorite is used in bleach and disinfectant Iodine or bromine is used in Halogen lamps Iodine is added to salt to supplement the diet Fluoride is a key component of mouthwash for its disinfecting properties

  6. Physical Properties • Very high electronegativties • Seven valence electrons (one short of a stable octet) • Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths • Halogens exhibits highly variable physical properties • Ranges from solid to liquid to gaseous at room temperature

  7. Properties of the Atoms • The elements become less reactive and have higher melting points as the atomic number increases.

  8. Properties of Atoms cont. • They are non-metals and have 7 valence electrons which make them more reactive.

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