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Halogens

Halogens. Catherine, Melissa, Jennifer. Halogen in Everyday Life. The Halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Halogen is derived from a Greek word meaning “salt-producing” Group 17 in the table. These certain elements are highly reactive oxidizers.

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Halogens

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  1. Halogens Catherine, Melissa, Jennifer

  2. Halogen in Everyday Life • The Halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. • Halogen is derived from a Greek word meaning “salt-producing” • Group 17 in the table. These certain elements are highly reactive oxidizers. • They all are missing 1 charge in their outer charge so they combine with many elements to form ions. • All have strong unpleasant odor and will burn flesh. Does not dissolve well in water.

  3. Fluorine- most reactive • Highly toxic and can cause severe burns on contact • Used for etching glass • Also used as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions • Used as a weapon in WWII • Used in toothpaste to strengthen • It is a pale green gas of low density • Atomic #:9, atomic mass: 18.998403 amu • #of protons/electrons: 9 • # of neutrons: 10 • Crystal structure: cubic • # of energy levels:2 • 1st level- 2, 2nd level: 7 • Date of discovery- 1886, Joseph Henn Moissan

  4. Chlorine • Used as a bleaching agent • Used as a disinfectant in swimming pools • Used as a weapon in WWI • Atomic #:17, atomic mass: 35.4527 amu • # of protons/electrons: 17 • # of neutrons: 18 • Crystal structure: orthorhombic • Color: green • In room temp form it is a gas • # of energy levels: 3 • 1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 7 • Date of discovery- 1774, Carl Wilhelm Scheele. • Uses: water purification, bleaches

  5. Bromine • Foul smelling reddish-brown liquid • Used in dyes • Used in applications such as pesticides, disinfectants, medicines, and flame retardants • Was once used for an additive for gasoline containing lead. • Atomic #: 35, atomic mass:79.904 amu • #ofprotons/electrons:35 • # of neutrons: 45 • # of energy levels: 4, 1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 18, 4th- 7 • Date of discovery- 1826, Antoine J Balar • Uses- poisonous • In room temp. form is a liquid

  6. Iodine • Iodine is important in the human diet • The thyroid gland produces a growth-regulating hormone that contains iodine, and lack of iodine can cause a goiter, a swelling around the neck • Was once used in the development of photography • Atomic #:53, atomic mass: 126.9044 amu • #of protons/electrons: 53 # of neutrons: 74 • It’s a solid • # of energy levels-5 1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 18, 4th-18, 5th- 7 • Date of discovery- 1811, Bernard Courtois • Uses: required in humans

  7. Astatine- the rarest • Unstable, it is difficult to say what applications it may have. Also not found in nature. • The most promising area involves the use of astatine to treat a condition known as hyperthyroidism, related to an overly active thyroid gland • Atomic #: 85, atomic mass: 210.0 amu • #of protons/electrons: 85, # of neutrons: 125 • Energy levels: 6, 1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 18, 4th- 32, 5th- 18, 6th- 7 • Date of dicovery- 1940, D.R. Corson • No uses known • Is a solid in room temp.

  8. Websites • http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-2/Halogens.html • www.theodoregray.com/periodictable • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_families.html • http://www.chemtutor.com/perich.htm • http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups.html

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