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Chapter 22-2 and 22-3

Chapter 22-2 and 22-3. Environmental Issues & Environmental Solutions. 22-2 Environmental Issues Pollution. Pollution causes SMOG Water vapor mixed with chemicals from human activities (burning fuels, using chemicals, etc.)

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Chapter 22-2 and 22-3

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  1. Chapter 22-2 and 22-3 Environmental Issues & Environmental Solutions

  2. 22-2 Environmental IssuesPollution • Pollution causes SMOG • Water vapor mixed with chemicals from human activities (burning fuels, using chemicals, etc.) • Can contain nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, organic chemicals, small particles & ozone

  3. Air Pollution • Ozone Thinning • Ozone (O3) in stratosphere • Protects from UV radiation (UV light) • Chemicals, such as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), cause reactions that break down ozone • Thinning of the ozone layer in the polar regions • Most countries no longer produce CFC’s

  4. Global Warming • Relationship between average CO2 levels & average global temperatures • Cause-and-effectrelationship: A change in one variable causes a change in another variable

  5. Acid Precipitation • Precipitation that is acidic because air pollutants combine with water in the atmosphere • Changes pH of soil & water • Can cause disease or death in plants & animals

  6. Land & Water Pollution • Human activity produces chemicals that pollute the land and the water. • Biological Magnification • Process where chemicals become more concentrated in an organism higher on the food chain that the organism is in.

  7. Ecosystem Disruption • Ecosystem Disruption • The destruction or substantial change in the functioning of natural ecosystems • Can disrupt species or entire communities

  8. Ecosystem Disruption • Extinction • Endangered- number of organisms is so low the organism is in danger of becoming extinct • Extinction- every organism in a species has died • Causes • Habitat destruction, hunting, harvesting, invasive species

  9. Ecosystem Disruption • Ecosystem Imbalances • Keystone Species- A species that impacts the other species in the community • Causes- Overuse of resources, human impact

  10. Human Resource Use • Primary Production- the total energy stored through photosynthesis • Humans use 10-55% of the Earth’s primary productivity

  11. Human Resource Use • Ecological Footprint- the analysis of human impact on the ecosystems • Includes use of food & natural resources, production of wastes & pollution • Biosphere has limited capacity to renew or repair

  12. Human Resource Use • Sustainability- the ability to meet human needs so that the population can survive indefinitely • Humans need to close the gap between the Earth’s renewable resources & capacities, our own needs and the needs of other living species • Possible Solutions: • New technologies • Slow or reverse population growth • Reduction of consumption of resources

  13. 22-3 Environmental SolutionsConservation & Restoration Biology • Conservation Biology- scientists identify, protect & manage natural areas to retain biodiversity • Restoration Biology- scientists address extreme cases of ecosystem balance and develop a plan to restore the ecosystem to its original state

  14. Conservation & Restoration Biology • Species & Habitats- are interconnected • Bioindicator- a species that is especially sensitive to ecological change • Whooping Crane- an example of the interconnectedness between species & their environment.

  15. Protecting Ecosystems • Many considerations to balance ecosystem preservation & human rights. • Protection focuses on regions with the most biodiversity • Biodiversity Hotspots-Ecological regions that are the richest in unique species and in most need of protection

  16. Governments & Laws • Laws& policies exist to address environmental issues • International laws & policies also exist • Debt-for-nature swap- richer countries or private organizations fund some debt of a developing country in exchange for preservation & conservation efforts

  17. Private Efforts & CooperationYour Role in the Environment • Ecotourism- tourism that supports the conservation of ecologically unique areas and also support the economy • Urban Ecology- Study of biodiversity in areas densely populated by humans

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