The Greek World

1. Chapter 10---Mrs. Arneson The Greek World

2. Notes • You should have the following Vocabulary Notes: • Phalanx • Hippocrates • Sophocles • Cavalry • Satraps • Thucydides • Reason • Zoroastrian • Parthenon • Alliance • Xerxes • Plato

3. Notes for Section ONE • The Greeks defeated the invading Persian army in the Battle of Marathon due to their better weapons and armor. • Greece was the winner of the Persian Wars • Darius I was known as the king of kings. He strengthened the Persian Empire. • The Immortals were 10,000 soldiers chosen for their bravery and skill.

4. Notes for Section ONE • The Royal Road was more than 1,700 miles long and its creation allowed Persian Messengers to travel quickly throughout the empire • Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire • Greece defeated two major Persian invasions in the Persian Wars

5. Notes for Section TWO • After the Persian Wars, many Greek city-states formed alliances. • The two main alliances were the Delian League headed by Athens and the Peloponnesian League headed by Sparta • Sparta became alarmed by Athen’s growing power and declared war. • This war was known as the Peloponnesian War.

6. Notes for Section TWO • The fighting and wars in the Greek city-states left Greek open for attacks from outsiders • Spartans believed that military power was the way to provide security and protection for their city • Boys in Sparta were trained to be disciplined and obedient soldiers • Athenian Women had almost no rights at all.

7. Notes for Section THREE • Philip II was able to defeat the Greeks by borrowing and improving their war strategies. • Philip’s army fought as a phalanx, with spears longer than those of their opponent. • Alexander the Great’s efforts to build an empire made him one of the greatest conquerors in history.

8. Notes for Section THREE • In the 300’s BC Macedonia easily defeated the Greek city-states • King Philip was murdered and control of Greece passed to his son Alexander the Great, who was only 20 years old when he began to rule. • Alexander the Great conquered Persia, Egypt and part of India • After Alexander the Great’s death his empire was divided and split between three of his general’s.

9. Notes for Section FOUR • The Parthenon was a beautiful temple to the goddess Athena and one of the most impressive of all ancient Greek buildings. • One of the greatest Greek historians was Thucydides, who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars • Socrates taught by asking questions that challenged people to think about their beliefs • Aristotle taught that people should live their lives in moderation, or balance, based on reason.

10. Notes for Section FOUR • Greek scientist Euclid devoted his life to studying mathematics and developed many of the geometry rules used today • Archimedes was a great Greek inventor and he created the water screw to help bring water from a lower level to a higher one • Hippocrates was a great medical scholar and developed ideas about how doctors should behave