Colonies take Root

1. Colonies take Root Chapter 3

3. The First English Settlements • England began to establish colonies in the New World in the late 1500’s • Roanoke was set up in 1585, but was abandoned without a trace by 1590. • It is unknown where the people went or what happened to them

5. The First English Settlements • In 1607, a group of wealthy people decided to establish a colony. • They formed the Virginia Company of London • They received a charter from King James I

6. The First English Settlements • These colonists settled in Chesapeake Bay and named their colony Jamestown • Many colonists were lazy and did not want to do work, many died from diseases • By 1608, only 38 out of 100 colonists lived

7. The First English Settlements • John Smith took control of the colony, he drew up new rules, the main one being “He who works not, eats not.” • After the colony had begun to revive itself, Smith returned to England • After this, the most of the people of Jamestown starved to death

9. The First English Settlements • The Virginia Company did not give up, they offered free land to colonists • Colonists found tobacco, which grew in the New World and was popular in England • By the early 1620’s, Virginia tobacco farmers were selling all the tobacco they could grow

10. The First English Settlements • Virginia began using a representative government called the House of Burgesses. • It could pass laws and set taxes, it shared power with the governor who could veto its acts • In 1619, the Dutch brought Africans to Virginia and sold as slaves

11. The First English Settlements • Between 1607 and 1609, the British colonists left England to go to the Netherlands because they were prosecuted for their religion. • They were still punished in the Netherlands, so they decided to leave and became Pilgrims

12. The First English Settlements • In September of 1620, 100 Pilgrims sailed for Virginia on a ship called the Mayflower. • They arrived in Massachusetts, and named their city Plymouth • They decided to set rules called the Mayflower Compact

13. The First English Settlements • These Pilgrims arrived too late to plant crops, half the colonists died from hunger or disease • By spring of 1621, the Native Americans helped the Pilgrims plan food. • In the Fall of 1621, was the first Thanksgiving Celebration

15. The New England Colonies • New England includes Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine. • Much of it is made of hills and low mountains, there are forest, thin rocky soil • Winters are long and snowy, summers are shorter and warm

17. The New England Colonies • The Puritans also had hard times in England, King Charles I did not like them and persecuted them. • Eventually they left England to go to the New World • They had formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and were led by John Winthrop

18. The New England Colonies • The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, they created a General Court • The Puritans founded their colony as religious toleration

20. The New England Colonies • More religious disagreements helped founding the other colonies in New England • Roger Williams who was a minister in Salem, Massachusetts, was forced to leave. • He moved south where he bought land from Native Americans and founded the town of Providence, in Rhode Island

21. The New England Colonies A Boston woman, Anne Hutchinson was thrown out of Massachusetts and by 1642, ended up in what is now New York State

22. The New England Colonies • Thomas Hooker, left Massachusetts with 100 followers in 1636, and settled in is how Hartford, Connecticut • In 1639, the colonist created the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut” • This established an elected legislature and governor

23. The New England Colonies • John Wheelright was forced to leave Massachusetts with followers and moved to Exeter, New Hampshire • Each Puritan town governed itself by having town meetings. • Only men who were heads of households were allowed at the meetings • The meetings set local taxes, elected people and allowed people to speak their minds

24. The New England Colonies • New England families grew crops, made leather goods and other products, caught fish and began a shipbuilding industry

25. The New England Colonies • In 1675, there was a conflict between Native Americans led by Metacom (King Phillip) and fought against the English colonists • In the 1670’s, there was a new generation born in the New World, towns began to grow and religion became less important

26. The Middle Colonies • These colonies are made up of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware • The climate was warmer then New England with a longer growing season • There was good soil for crops like wheat, fruits and vegetables

27. The Middle Colonies • New York began as the Dutch Colony of New Netherland, with successful farming along the Hudson river • The Dutch also traded with the English colonists • In 1664, England’s King Charles II gave all Dutch lands in the New World to his brother James, all he had to do was conquer the land • James sent warships to take over and the Dutch Surrendered. • New Netherland was renamed New York after the Duke of York

29. The Middle Colonies • In 1665, New Jersey split off fro New York to form a new colony • New Jersey began as a proprietary colony and in 1702, became a royal colony

30. The Middle Colonies • The Quakers believed that all people had a direct link to God, men were equal to women and they did not believe in slavery. • In England in the 1660’s, the Quakers refused to pay their taxes to the Church of England and were persecuted. • William Penn, a wealthy Englishman used his connection to get a charter for a new colony. • This colony ended up being Pennsylvania

32. The Middle Colonies • Delaware was settled by people from Sweden, then taken over by the Dutch, then the English • In 1704, Delaware became a separate colony

33. The Middle Colonies • The top cash crop was wheat in the Middle Colonies • Manufacturing began in the 1700’s, they produced iron, flour and paper • There were now shoemakers, carpenters, masons, weavers and barrel makers

34. The Middle Colonies • The western section of Pennsylvania was called the backcountry • People who settled there were Scotch-Irish and German

35. The Southern Colonies • These are south of the Mason-Dixon line, which is the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania • http://www.exploretheline.com/markers.html

36. The Southern Colonies • These colonies include Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia • These colonies share a coastal area and a swampy area • The weather in these colonies is warm and humid, there is a long growing season that is good for tobacco and rice • Both of these crops require many workers which eventually led to slavery

38. The Southern Colonies • The population of Virginia grew slowly, by 1670, there were 40,000 • The colonists created conflicts with the Native Americans by taking more land to plant tobacco

40. The Southern Colonies • In the 1660’s, wealthy Virginia tobacco planters bought all the good farming land, which left no land for the poorer colonists • Most of these colonists had to work on the wealthier farms

41. The Southern Colonies • Poor colonists moved inland to find good farmland and fighting broke out with Native Americans • Nathaniel Bacon became the leader of the frontier settlers • He organized 1,000 westerners and began to attack and kill Native Americans, when he was called a rebel by the governor, he reacted by attacking Jamestown and burning it to the ground

42. The Southern Colonies • In 1632, King Charles I granted a charter for a new colony to George Calvert. • He settled Maryland, a safe place for Catholics • He set up a representative assembly similar to the House of Burgess • The Toleration Act of 1649 welcomed all Christians to the colony

44. The Southern Colonies • In 1663, King Charles II granted a charter to establish Carolina • Northern Carolina developed slowly, they lived on small farms working with tobacco and lumber • Southern Carolina grew quickly, sugar grew well, they brought slaves from Barbados and began to grow rice • Carolina was split into two colonies

46. The Southern Colonies • Georgia was founded for two reasons, first the English feared the Spanish would expand north from Florida • The second was a group of wealthy Englishmen led by James Oglethorpe wanted a colony that would be protection for English debtors • Slavery was banned in Georgia

48. The Southern Colonies • People who lived along the coast lived on plantations where cotton, sugar and rice were grown • Virginia and Maryland settled tobacco • The backcountry had people who usually lived on isolated farms • Many had one room shacks • Girls and women worked on the farms with them men

49. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands • Spanish explorers reached Florida in early 1500’s. • In 1693, the Spanish said they would protect any enslaved Africans who escaped to Florida • By 1763, there were three Spanish settlements in Florida

50. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands • The territory north of Mexico was called borderlands, the Spanish wanted to protect Mexico from other European powers • The Borderlands included Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California