Colonies

1. Colonies • British founded colonies in the 17th century • 1732 they had thirteen: • Massachusetts, • New Hampshire, • Rhode Island, • Connecticut, • New York, • Pennsylvania, • New Jersey, • Delaware, • Maryland, • Virginia, • North Carolina, • South Carolina, • Georgia

2. The French and Indian War • 1756 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French. • It was called the Seven Years War in Europe. • Called the French and Indian War because the Indians helped the French in the war against the British. The Indians had nothing to lose. The British were taking their land, the French were not. • The British won, but at a cost of a lot of money.

3. Problems • War was expensive for Britain • Britain was in dept • Colonies should pay war dept – Britishthought • Colonists were not allowed to produce anything • Colonists had to pay taxes to Britain for everything they imported • The colonists demanded more rights but not independence • British Parliament refused the demand and sent troops to America

4. Taxes • The first tax was the Sugar Act of 1764. It placed a tax on sugar imported by the colonies. • Stamp Act of 1765 placed a tax on all printed material, such as newspapers and playing cards.

5. No Taxation without Representation • The colonists claimed “no taxation without representation” because they were taxed but had no vote in Parliament and had no say in how the colonies were governed. • The colonists started a boycott, or a refusal to buy certain goods, from the British.

6. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty • Samuel Adams led the protests in Boston against the taxes. • He began a secret society called the Sons of Liberty.

7. The Boston Massacre 1770 • 4000 British soldiers wentto Boston, (population 16,000) the centre of protest • Many people threw stones at soldiers • Soldiers defended themselves and shot into the crowd • Five people were killed • The event was called a ‘massacre’ by the colonists

9. The Boston Tea Party 1773. • Only the (British-owned) East India Company was allowed to sell tea to the colonies • Three ships with tea arrived in Boston harbour • 60 men dressed up as Indians and went secretly on the ships • They opened the barrels with axes and threw the tea into the sea

11. First Continental Congress • 56 Delegatesincluded George Washington, Patrick Henry and Sam Adams, met in Philadelphia in 1774. Agreedto: • Boycott British goods • Arm themselves and form militias • Appeal to the king

12. King George III refusedtoallow American colonists’ representation in Parliament King George III

13. The Battle Of Lexington and Concord 1775. • Angry Americans refused to pay taxes • British went to war with them • The plan of the British was to: • capture Sam Adams and John Hancock (the two major trouble makers) in Lexington and • march to Concord • destroy the Minutemen’s (elite soldiers) supplies

15. British troops left Boston • Colonist Paul Revere saw a lamp in the Boston Church • The lamb signaled the start of the British attack to him • Revere rode to Lexington and Concorde to warn the Minutemen • When the British troops arrived in Lexington, the American troops were ready • The first battle of the Revolutionary War began • 342 People died ( 274 British soldiers, 95 American ‘Patriots’)

16. American Advantages • Accuracy of the rifle • Knowledge of the land • Guerilla warfare tactics • Superb command

17. British Advantages • Well-equipped • Disciplined • Strongest navy

18. The Declaration of Independence • The United States first needed to declare independence from Great Britain. • Thomas Jefferson, at the young age of 33, wrote the Declaration of Independence. • The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. • That is why we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th. • This is the day that the United States of America declared their independence from King George and Great Britain.

19. The Declaration of Independence

20. Key Quotes in the Declaration • “We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal” • “That they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights” • “That among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

21. On July 4, 1776, the thirteen States declared their independence • The declaration contained a list of things the colonists disliked and suggestions for these problems

22. The British reaction was to declare war • August 1776: British soldiers occupied New York • December 1776: George Washington stabilized the situation of the colonists because of his victory in the Battle of Trenton • France supported the Americans with weapons

23. Benjamin Franklin • Benjamin Franklin, one of the most famous men in the world, wassent to France to ask for military aid as well as a loan. • And the war was on!

24. More Significant Battles • Saratoga • Winter at Valley Forge • Yorktown • Were blend of successes and failures for American Army

25. Battle of Saratoga – 1777 • The turning pointof the war • The biggest American victory at the time • Approximately 5,000 British surrender to Washington

26. Battle of Saratoga – 1777 After the American victory France changed its policies. Feb. 1778 France and America formed an alliance France declared war on Britain the next month Spain declared war in 1779

27. John Paul Jones Battle of Yorktown—1781 • French blockade aided this final battle • Escape for the British was impossible • British General Cornwallis faced American forces approximately twice his size

28. Yorktown • Approximately 8,700 British troops surrendered • Pinned in by American and French Naval fleets • General Benjamin Lincoln accepted the surrender sword • British bands played “The World has Turned Upside Down”

29. Peace • British got supplies-problems • France, the Netherlands and Spain fought for the Americans • The British army surrendered after the siege of Yorktown, Virginia • Paris 1783: The British army accepted the independence of the ex-British colonies in America

30. The Treaty of Paris—1783 • Officially ended the American Revolution • Set many geographic borders, including U.S. and Canada • Florida was returned to Spain • British merchants must be paid for lost items • Loyalists must be paid for lost property