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Chapter 3 : The American Colonies Take Shape

Chapter 3 : The American Colonies Take Shape. Immigration and Slavery 90% of migrants to English colonies from England ½ indentured servants: agreed to work 4-7 years English migration declines after 1660 Scottish emigration soared (Why?)--settled in “back country”

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Chapter 3 : The American Colonies Take Shape

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  1. Chapter 3:The American Colonies Take Shape

  2. Immigration and Slavery • 90% of migrants to English colonies from England • ½ indentured servants: agreed to work 4-7 years • English migration declines after 1660 • Scottish emigration soared (Why?)--settled in “back country” • Germans pushed to colonies by war, taxes, and religious persecution • Diversity! • Africans transported to America • Where? Chesapeake region • Why? Immigration declined, demand for labor • How? Middle Passage/triangular trade

  3. Triangular Trade Leg 1: Europe to Africa where manufactured goods were traded for enslaved Africans Leg 2: Middle Passage Leg 3: Shippers trade enslaved Africans for colonial goods to bring back to Europe 3 1 2

  4. Africans in the Americas • 40% of population in the Chesapeake • Minorities in New England • Developed new culture of several different ethnic groups • Stono Rebellion (1739-SC) • Lived in cities=discrimination

  5. The American Colonies and England • Colonies look to England for… • Government • Magna Carta: limited king’s ability to tax English nobles • Bicameral, two-house, legislature with Parliament • Variances of self-rule, Dominion of New England • Glorious Revolution: James II ousted; King William and Queen Mary sign English Bill of Rights • Salutary neglect: England allowed colonies local self-rule; Crown expects economic cooperation/loyalty in wars

  6. Economics • Goal=Increase power and wealth of England (mercantilism) • Colonial commerce key to imperial power • Navigation Acts: Control colonial trade… • 1. Only English ships with English sailors could trade with English colonies • 2. Valuable goods (tobacco, sugar) only shipped to mother country • 3. Foreign goods shipped to colonies though English port where customs duties were collected • 1720-1770: colonial imports increased per person by 50%

  7. Literature • Enlightenment: problems could be solved by using reason/logic—challenged ways of thinking in science, religion, and government • Ben Franklin • John Locke • Great Awakening: personal religious experience important in seeking God’s salvation (rejected Enlightenment views) • Effect: new churches in the colonies, increase in tolerance, rise in democratic beliefs

  8. Comparing Regional Cultures -Economic patterns: *New England (Boston): small farms (wheat, rye, corn), livestock, exported lumber/fish *Middle Colonies (Phila., NY): more prosperous farms (wheat) *the South (Charleston): raised most valuable and profitable colonial crops—cash and staple crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) -differences in population: *New England: families, middle class, healthy environment *Middle Colonies: ethnically/culturally diverse *the South: poor, young, single men, indentured servants

  9. What was it like for women in the colonies? • A: • Other characteristics to consider: • Community life • Education

  10. Wars of Empire -Britain’s greatest rival=France -Indians in a “middle position” -French & Indian War (Seven Years War) *Cause: Ohio River Valley, Washington defeated *Effect: Treaty of Paris (1763)—British controls Great Lakes, Canada, Florida and Ohio River Valley; kick French out of North America (Mississippi River separated British from Spanish; bad news for Indians -Pontiac’s Rebellion -Proclamation of 1763: ordered settlers to remain east of Appalachian Mountains -Albany Plan of Union…an epic fail; tensions mount

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