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Colonies

Colonies. Colonies. Colony — "a body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a community subject to or connected with their parent state”; maintaining the cultural, social, and political identities of the mother country. Colonies. Reasons:. Citizen: European wars—Spain, France,

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Colonies

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  1. Colonies

  2. Colonies Colony— "a body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a community subject to or connected with their parent state”; maintaining the cultural, social, and political identities of the mother country

  3. Colonies Reasons: • Citizen: • European wars—Spain, France, • Religious strife—Catholics, Protestants, Puritans, civil war • Economic transformation—enclosure movement • Land

  4. Colonies Reasons: Nation/kingdom: • Mercantilism • Wool industry products sold abroad, but particularly in the Netherlands • Individual exporters formed companies with royal charters • Royal charters granted monopolies in specific regions • Investors in “trading” companies became wealthy

  5. Colonies Development of Mercantilism • Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France, England, Holy Roman Empire

  6. Colonies Development of Mercantilism Regional wars between “super powers” required standing professional armies and navies

  7. Colonies

  8. Colonies Mercantilism

  9. Colonies Question?? How can the monarch raise enough money to build, equip, and maintain a large, professional, standing army and navy?

  10. Colonies Development of Mercantilism • The growth of commercial and industrial activity in comparison to agriculture Did farming or commercial/industrial activities circulate money faster?

  11. Colonies Development of Mercantilism 3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade

  12. Colonies Development of Mercantilism 4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary systems (gold and silver coins) in comparison to barter transactions

  13. Colonies Development of Mercantilism • Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France, England, Holy Roman Empire • The growth of commercial and industrial activity in comparison to agriculture • The increase in the volume and extent of trade • The increase in the use of metallic monetary systems relative to barter transactions

  14. Colonies Question?? How can the monarch raise enough money to build, equip, and maintain a large, professional, standing army and navy?

  15. Colonies Mercantilism The Answer: Obtain the largest possible surplus of gold and silver

  16. Colonies Mercantilism Question?? • Where were the sources of gold and silver? • How to obtain large amounts of gold and silver? • How to find sources of gold and silver that continue to produce over long periods of time?

  17. Colonies Development of Mercantilism Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes

  18. Colonies Mercantilism Spanish Gold and Silver Mines in the New World

  19. Colonies Mercantilism

  20. Colonies Mercantilism 153.561 7.439.138

  21. Colonies Mercantilism

  22. Colonies Mercantilism

  23. Colonies • In practice, the Mercantile system worked as follows: • get the largest surplus of precious metals • a country must have a favorable balance of export trade • If you can export more to your neighbor than he exports to your own country • he will owe you money • obliged to send you some of his gold • hence you gain and he loses

  24. Colonies • As a result of this economic belief, the economic program of almost every seventeenth century state was as follows: • Try to get possession of as many precious metals as you can • Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic trade • Encourage those industries which change raw materials into exportable finished products

  25. Colonies As a result of this economic belief, the economic program of almost every seventeenth century state was as follows: 4. Encourage a large population-- you will need workmen for your factories 5. Let the State watch this process and interfere whenever it is necessary to do so

  26. Colonies Mercantilism

  27. Colonies Mercantilism early 1500’s late 1500’s 1600’s 1700’s

  28. Colonies Mercantilism

  29. Colonies Mercantilism

  30. Colonies Mercantilism

  31. Colonies Mercantilism Vera Cruz, Mexico St. Augustine, Florida

  32. Colonies Mercantilism Havana, Cuba Lima, Peru

  33. Colonies Mercantilism

  34. Colonies Mercantilism • British North American colonies • Roanoke Colony, founded 1586 • Virginia Company, chartered 1606 • London Company • Jamestown Settlement, founded 1607. • Bermuda first settled in 1609 • Citie of Henricopolis, founded in 1611 • Plymouth Company • Popham Colony, founded 1607 • Society of Merchant Venturers (Newfoundland) • Cuper's Cove, founded 1610 • Bristol's Hope, founded 1618 • London and Bristol Company (Newfoundland) • Renews, founded 1615 • St. John's, Newfoundland, claimed for England by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 • Plymouth Council for New England • Plymouth Colony, founded 1620 • Ferryland, Newfoundland granted to George Calvert • Province of Maine, granted 1622 • South Falkland, Newfoundland, founded 1623 • Province of New Hampshire settled in 1623 • Dorchester Company Colony in 1624 • Salem Colony settled in 1628 • Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629

  35. Colonies Mercantilism • Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629 • New Scotland, 1629-1632 • Connecticut Colony founded 1633 • Province of Maryland founded in 1634 • New Albion, chartered in 1634 • Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, first settled in 1636 • New Haven Colony, founded 1638 • Province of New York, captured 1664 • Province of New Jersey, captured in 1664 • Rupert's Land founded in 1670 • Province of Pennsylvania founded 1681 • Delaware Colony separated from Pennsylvania in 1704 • Carolina Colony • North Carolina, first settled 1586 • Province of South Carolina in 1670. • Province of Georgia first settled in about 1670 • Nova Scotia in 1629 • Quebec, in 1759-1761 • East Florida and West Florida, acquired from Spain in 1763 • Prince Edward Island, separated from Nova Scotia 1769 • New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia in 1784 • Ontario, separated from Quebec in 1791 as Upper Canada • Vancouver Island, in 1843 • New Caledonia in 1858.

  36. Colonies Mercantilism British Caribbean colonies Saint Kitts - in 1623 Barbados - The island was settled in 1625 Nevis - The island was permanently settled in 1628 Antigua - The island was settled in 1632. Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632 Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632. Bahamas - The islands were settled from 1647 Angular - The island was settled in 1650 Jamaica - The island was conquered from Spain in 1655 British Virgin Islands - The islands were settled from 1666 Turks and Caicos Islands - The islands were first permanently settled in the 1750s Trinidad and Tobago - The island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island of Trinidad was captured from the Spanish in 1797 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent was colonized in 1762 Grenada - The island was conquered from France in 1762 Saint Lucia - The island was captured from the French in 1778 Cayman Islands - The islands were acquired from Spain in 1870 British Central and South American colonies Belize - English adventurers starting in the mid-1600s Mosquito Coast - This area was first settled in 1630 British Guiana - The English began colonies in the Guiana area in the early 17th century Falkland Islands - The first British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774

  37. Colonies Mercantilism British Caribbean colonies Saint Kitts - in 1623 Barbados - The island was settled in 1625 Nevis - The island was permanently settled in 1628 Antigua - The island was settled in 1632. Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632 Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632. Bahamas - The islands were settled from 1647 Angular - The island was settled in 1650 Jamaica - The island was conquered from Spain in 1655 British Virgin Islands - The islands were settled from 1666 Turks and Caicos Islands - The islands were first permanently settled in the 1750s Trinidad and Tobago - The island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island of Trinidad was captured from the Spanish in 1797 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent was colonized in 1762 Grenada - The island was conquered from France in 1762 Saint Lucia - The island was captured from the French in 1778 Cayman Islands - The islands were acquired from Spain in 1870 British Central and South American colonies Belize - English adventurers starting in the mid-1600s Mosquito Coast - This area was first settled in 1630 British Guiana - The English began colonies in the Guiana area in the early 17th century Falkland Islands - The first British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774

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