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Nutritional Quality of Oats

Nutritional Quality of Oats. Lena Dimberg Department of Food Science Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Outline. Metabolic syndrom Oats  -Glucan -structure and bioactivity Avenanthramides -structure and bioactivity Concluding remarks. Metabolic Syndrome. Chronical

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Nutritional Quality of Oats

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  1. Nutritional Quality of Oats Lena Dimberg Department of Food Science Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

  2. Outline • Metabolic syndrom • Oats • -Glucan -structure and bioactivity • Avenanthramides -structure and bioactivity • Concluding remarks

  3. Metabolic Syndrome Chronical inflammation Obesity fat cells insulin resistance Oxidative stress glucose/insulin imbalance Hypertension Diabetes Type II High TGA & cholesterol CVD

  4. Why Oats? A wonderful reservoir of natural nutrients and biologically active substances Lásztity; Food Rev. Int., 14, 99-119 (1998)

  5. Characteristics of oats • starch-energy • vitamins (B and E)and minerals • high protein content - well balanced amino acid composition, no gluten • high lipid content, good FA composition -C18:1 (37%), C18:2 (37%), C18:3 (4%) • high content of dietary fibres -e.g. -glucan • high content of bioactive phytochemicals • e.g. tocopherols/tocotrienols, avenanthramides -

  6. Whole Grain Cereal fruit and seed coats aleuron layer(s) starchy endosperm germ Bran Fruitcoat Seedcoat Aleuronelayers Effective compounds? Dietary fibres? Phytochemicals?

  7. -13,14-Glucan

  8. Health effects of -glucan? • Weight control • Improve glucose/insulin balance • Decrease blood cholesterol level • Inhibit constipation • May stimulate immune defence • May protect from colon cancer development

  9. Health effects of -glucan? • Weightcontrol • Less energysupply • Usually less fat and sugar supply-incapsulated • Bulky, satiety feeling • Slow gastricemtying-delayed hunger • Low GI

  10. Physiologicaleffects of β-glucan β-Glucanase treated cereals Untreated cereals

  11. Health effects of -glucan, cont? • Glucose/insulin balance • Low absorption of glucose • Decrease insulin release • Improve insulin sensibility

  12. Health effects of -glucan?, cont • Decreasebloodcholesterollevel • Excretion of bileacids-newbileacidsproduced from cholesterol

  13. Health effects of -glucan, cont? • Inhibit constapation • Enlarged stool • Speed up transit time - stimulate muscle movements

  14. Health effects of -glucan, cont? • May decrease colon cancer development • Dilution and binding of cancer causing agents • Provocative agents short time in intestine • Prebiotic-lower pH; produce LMW fatty acids • Attached bioactive components- dietary complex

  15. -13,14-Glucan

  16. To much fibers? • Encapsulate compounds • May result in energy and nutrient deficiencies • May cause dehydration • Causes gas production

  17. Metabolic Syndrome Chronical inflammation Obesity fat cells insulin resistance Oxidative stress glucose/insulin imbalance Hypertension Diabetes Type II High TGA & cholesterol CVD

  18. Oxidative Stress/Inflammation in artherial walls • Free radicals • Cell proliferation, migration, accumulation and attachment • Release of pro-inflammatory signalling and adhesion substances • Plaque formation • Increased blood pressure • Infarct

  19. Tocopherols/tocotrienols, hydroxycinnamic acids, avenanthramides Oxidant : RO•,•O2- HO•, HOO•,H2O2 ROO• , 1O2 Antioxidants RO•, ·O2- HO· HOO· H2O2, ROO•, 1O2,

  20. Avenanthramides Anthranilic acid moiety Hydroxycinnamic acid moiety R=H, OH or OCH3; n=1 or 2

  21. Health effects of avenanthrmides? • Antioxidants • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-atherosclerotic • Anti-cancer

  22. Hydrogen donators Radical scavangers Metal ion chelators Lipoxygenase inhibitors Decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production LDL-oxidation inhibitors Enhance activities of antioxidative enzymes Avenanthramides-antioxidant effects?-

  23. Supress secretion of pro-inflammatory compounds Inhibit NF-kB activation Reduce skin itch and irritation Lipoxygenase inhibitor Avenanthramides-anti-inflammatory effects?-

  24. Inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells Supress release of adhesion molecules Avenanthramides-anti-atherosclerotic effects?- • Decrease cell adhesion • Increase NO production

  25. Avenanthramides-anti-cancer effects?- • Inhibit cancer cell proliferation

  26. Tranilast

  27. Tranilast Metabolites Oat avenanthramide

  28. Supression of Vascular Stenosis by Tranilast Control Tranilast Fukuyama et. al. 1996. European Journal of Pharmacology, 318, 327-332

  29. Concluding Remarks OATS Decrease the risk for the metabolic syndrome development The whole is more than the refined -Gucan and avenanthramides exert health-beneficial properties Good candidate for a healthy food

  30. Thank you!

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