COMENIUS PROJECT

1. COMENIUS PROJECT "Heal the World, SAO ROQUE DO PICO YES we can" 21-24 May 2012

2. Responsible and Sustainable Tourism We have analyzed the evolution of the concept of tourism from ancient times until today, and  we choose to investigate the  responsible tourism; this kind of tourism protects not only the territory, but also local population and encourage human relationships .

3. Responsible tourism enables that: • the profits remain in the host territory and are distributed within the community. • human relationships  between tourists and locals  are  established.

4. Our work • We imagined to work in a tourist travel agency, at our school ,  and we organized an advertising leaflet with the services offered and a “chain” (zunchillos) of cultural information . • We have also prepared a video in which are compared responsible and irresponsible  tourists’ behaviors.

6. Zunchillu It is an ornamental chain  made ​​of gold and silver rings, typical of the women's traditional costume.In the agency brochure, the chain rings are the different proposals suggested according to the demand of tourists.

7. Responsible Tourist Duties Responsible Tourist Duties Before you go Enquire about culture and traditions of the place of your destination Make contacts with host communities Use public transportation to reduce environmental impact Support local economy Eliminate unnecessary packaging, difficult to dispose Enquire about any cooperation projects you can join once arrived Transport : also see http://www.passaggiosardegna.it/ When you are in the country Share local everyday life Respect the culture and traditions in the territory Respect the environment and the historical, cultural and artistic heritage and background Do not ask for privileges Do not show wealth Buy fair trade local products , with DOP and DOC trademarkRespect the privacy of the residentsAsk for a local guideWhen possible, use public transportation to ensure the least environmental impact Do not waste water Coming back Provide comments and suggestions for better reducing environmental impact and increase benefits for local communities Possibly keep in touch with the host community Share your experience with other people A list of some tourist's duties, it includes suggestions about what to do (behaviours) before, during and after his trip.

8. Sardinian people are: • Some scholars think that the first inhabitants of Sardinia, who settled in Gallura (NE) have come from Etruria, who inhabited the central area of Oristano came from the Iberian peninsula, and those who settled in the area of Cagliari (South) came from Africa. • According to other scholars the ancient Sardinian language has ties both with the indo-European language with both sardiana similar to that of the Etruscans. • These populations, different, eventually acquired a certain homogeneity in language and customs, changed forever by contact with people coming from outside (the Phoenician – Punic, Roman, Vandal). The inhabitants of the interior, still retain the primitive character closed, tenacious, yet simple, sincere, hospitable. • To win the friendship of a Sardinian takes years, but if you succeed you will be friends for life. It describes the cultural and linguistic origins of Sardinian people.The inhabitants of the inner part of the island still preserve their primitive character, tenacious yet simple, sincere and welcoming. The Sardinian population

9. Geography Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean: it has an area of ​​24,090 Kmq. It is only 11 Km far from Corsica. 80% of the territory is mountainous or hilly, while the largest plain is the Campidano. The mountains are very old and molded by erosion and the highest peaks are Mt. Gennargentu (over 1800 m) and Mt. Limbara (1362 m). The plateaus are of granite or basalt (Giara di Gesturi), or sandstone or limestone (Tacco di Perda Liana). 10% of the territory is occupied by carsic formations, caves, dolines and underground lakes, both in coastal areas, (Cala Gonone, Alghero) and inland areas (Oliena Dorgali, Fluminimaggiore Domusnovas, Ulassai,). The granite rock formationseroded by weathering have created striking sculptures (in shape of elephant bears, mushroom, ”sa conca” head- haped). The rivers have torrential features: the main ones are, Flumendosa, Coghinas, Tirso, are blocked by dams to form reservoirs; Lake Baratz, nearby Alghero, is the only natural one. The shores are mostly high and rocky, like Capo Caccia cliffs (Alghero) interspersed with sandy coves. Low and sandy coasts are in Cagliari (Poetto) andin Sassari (Platamona). There are coastlines with sand dunes in Porto Ferro (Alghero), Chia (Cagliari) and Piscinas in the territory of Arbus (SW Sardinia), which is considered one of the few European deserts. In the southeastern coast are the Rias, of fluvial origin. Ponds and lagoons are found alongthe west coast from Alghero, Oristano to Cagliari. The climate is typically Mediterranean, along the coastal areas, winters are mild and summers hot and dry; inland in areas, the climate is continental with extreme temperatures, in summer and winter. The rainfalls, variable are modest and irregular, in the south and more frequent along the western coasts. Snow is common above 500/600 meters. The region is very whole windy: Mistral dominates and in summer it mitigates the climate; Sirocco a warm wind carries red sand from the African desert. ZUNCHILLU BRAU

10. History Sardinia is one of the oldest land in Europe, inhabited since Palaeolithic but inhabited stably from Neolithic (6.000 B.C.). It was occupied by Phoenicians (1800 B.C.), Carthaginians (509 B.C.), Romans,(227 B.C.), Vandals (V century), Byzantines (534), Arabs (in 52 and in 1015), Pisans (XII century), Aragonese and Spanish (1300 to 1700), Piedmontese 81820). However there are periods of genuine autonomy, when, between 9th and 15th century they established four Giusdicati , configured as proper states, with their official languages, emblems and laws (Carta de Logu), whose most important decisions were taken by the people’s representatives assembled in parliament (Corona de Logu). In 1948, Sardinia obtained administrative autonomy to protect the language and its territory. ZUNCHILLU TRINU Tharros, ancient Punic colony Ancient Roman bridge Turris Libissonis (Porto Torres) Domus de janas, hypogeal prehistoric mass grave Obsidiana tools from Mt Arci which attracted foreign people in Sardinia Eleonora d’Arborea is the symbol of freedom of Sardis. In 1392, enacts the “Carta de Logu” a set of laws inspired by the Roman Iaw Amsicora, Sardianan hero famous for his courage, in 215 B.C. rebelled against Roman domination Il 28/04/1794 Sardinians set off riots against the Pidmontese who denied them great autonomy

11. Nature Whoever arrives in Sardinia is welcomed by the scent of the Helichrysum The predominant flora is the Mediterranean maquis aromatic shrubs such as rosemary, myrtle, juniper, thyme: on the coast are found the oleander with its summer-flowering, wild olive trees, cork oaks, and prickly pear cactus with is delicious fruits, while in the higher areas are forests of oaks, chestnuts and holly trees. In Nurra (NW) is also the palmetto and Centaurea orrida The sandy beaches, up to the depth of 50 meters, host the Posidonia oceanica, an endemic species in the Mediterranean, a natural bio indicator of coastal water quality, important for coastal protection and an ideal habitat for the resettlement of marine environment. Il trenino verde, green train, crosses areas accessible only by rail, at the right speed to allow quiet observation and knowledge of the landscape with bridges, stations and trackmen’s house perfectly positioned in the. environmental context Sardinian fauna. The island of Sardinia has fostered the development of numerous endemic species, such as the mouflon, the griffin, the Giara pony horses, the with donkey on Asinara island, the gongilo, the Geotritone sardo, a Sardinian cave salamander, the Papilion ospiton butterfly. On the island are missing species such as bears wolves and vipers, species common on the main land. Others have typical feature (smaller in size) like wild boars, the Sardinian deers and foxes. In the ponds of Oristano and Cagliari nest flamingos which share the habitat with numerous other species of birds. In Sardinia there are 3 national parks,8 regional parks, 60 protected areas,24 naturals monuments,16 areas of natural significance and few WWF oasis. ZUNCHILLU BIRDE

12. Tradition • The Sardinan people protects their traditionsthe different dialects and numerous civil and • religious festivity, that are celebrated every year with parades, music, songs, dances, horse races. The traditional women’s costumes, adorned with jewels vary from place to place and depending on their civil status (girl, wife, widow). They witness the local culture and also some influences of the invaders of the past. place mainly in the good season: Sardinian society mainly devoted to sheep farming and agriculture, has made to the coincide these occasions with harvest. There are tree occasions when you can admire the costumes • of different villages in Sardinia: 1st May in Cagliari • (Feast of St. Efisio); the third Sunday in May in Sassari (Cavalcata Sarda); on the last Sunday, in August, an • Nuoro, (Sagra del Redentore).Carneval is celebrated expecially in the town of Tempio (with floats), in • Mamoiada with Mamuthones (masks dressed up with sheep skins and bounce ofbells on the shoulders • and in Oristano (the Sartiglia). The music is based • on two instruments: accordion and launeddas (a wind • instrument made of reeds. Traditional group dances • are Ballu tundu or Passu • Torrau in circle showing • various choreographies. • The songs are performed • by choirs and by voices • musical chord called Su Concordu ZUNCHILLU DORAU

13. Crafts and productions The Sardinian handicraft production is due to the need of farmers, shepherds and fishermen to get essential items using materials found in nature. The ancient handcraft is based on the production of baskets made of reeds, saw palmetto, asphodel and wild olive; ceramics, clay; in texture the frame and embroidery, in jewellery (filigree and coral); in the manufacture of leather and cork. Very characteristic are the handmade knives, called Sa leppa ; and the typical boats from Oristano, Is fassones , made with reed stems tied in bunches. The cultivation of vines and of olive trees is widespread; white wines are Vermenyino, Moscato, Nuragus, Vernaccia:; and red wines Cannonau and Nepente. The typical sweets (pardulas, seadas, pabassinos, tilicas) are famous for their intense flavours and taste. Valuable is also production of the salami and sausages, smoked ham, capocollo, and Black pudding. Renewing the pastoral tradition, nowadays the typical dish is meat Roasted on a spit and seasoned with myrtle (suckling pig and lamb). As main courses there are rice with saffron or seafood, spaghetti with bottarga (mulled or tuna roe, pressed and dried); culurgiones (potatoes and cheese ravioli). One of the most popular breads in Sardinia is undoubtedly the Carasau also called“music paper bread” and Guttiau , carasau bread flavoured with salt and olive oil. ZUNCHILLU DE PRATA

14. Ancient architecture and farming • The architecture of Sardinia spans a broad period from prehistory to the present day. The • most representative are the Nuraghi, over • 7.000 scattered throughout the island. • These are flanked by buildings dating back to • Phoenician –Punic and Roman times (roadshouses, • bridges, aqueducts, temples). Other structure like • churches, castles, coastal towers, reflect in • their architecture the influence of later invaders • such as Byzantines. Arabs, Spaniards, Pisan. • Typical house of the Sardinian culture are Campidanese, • house in Campidano (Sud), “stazzi” in Gallura (NE) and “cuile “ inNurra (NW). Most of them have been restored and turned to tourism. • The Campidanese “furriadroxu” is the house of the farmer, structured for the • housework and for the agricultural works. It usually has an inner courtyard • with plants and citrus trees, with balconies and overlooking window of the room • positioned on two floors. . • The “stazzo” in Gallura has only one floor, with room located around • the main one, used to work. • The “cuile” in Nurra is very simple, with only two room, one to work • and the other devoted to the rest of the shepherd. • The most typical of all is the shepherd’s shelter, “sa pinnetta”, a • round shaped dry stone base with the upper conical part made of. • reed or branches ZUNCHILLU ARRUBIU