Circulatory System

1. Circulatory System

2. Major Function • The major function of the circulatory system is to pump blood and other nutrients from the heart through the rest of the body. Other functions of blood include: • Carries oxygen and nutrients throughout body • Takes secretions and metabolic waste away from the cells • Helps maintain normal body temperature • Regulates internal pH • Fights infection with phagocytic cells

3. Components of Blood • Red blood cells- blood cells that transport oxygen and contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin makes blood red. • White blood cells- blood cells that defend against pathogens (infection and disease) • Platelets- cell fragments that contain chemicals and enzymes, which are important for blood clotting • Plasma- part of blood that contains metabolic wastes, salt and proteins and transports them where needed

4. http://ebooks.bfwpub.com/phelanphys2e.php

5. Blood Vessels • Arteries • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to be used in other parts of the body • Made up of endothelium, smooth muscle and connective tissues • This allows arteries to adjust with blood flow • Two main arteries • Pulmonary, which bring oxygen depleted blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen • Coronary, which branch off from the aorta and split off into a network around the body • Veins • Move blood away from the body back to the heart • Made up of the same material as arteries, however they are thinner • Pulmonary veins brings oxygenated blood to the heart • Smallest are venules and receive blood from arteries • Capillaries • Tiny section that connects veins and arteries • Play a key part in delivering nutrients to cells as well as waste removal • Are made up of a single layer endothelial cells

6. Heart • The main job of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body • Electrical pulses from the sinoatrial node cause the heart to beat • The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, then is goes back into the heart on the left side • Four main Chambers • Left ventricle and right ventricle • Separated by the interventricular septum. • Lower part of heart • These pump blood out of the heart. • Left atria and right atria • where blood enters the heart. • Separated by atrioventricular valve • Upper part of heart

7. Lungs • The oxygen used in this system comes from the lungs, as well as carbon dioxide being released from this system • The pulmonary artery merge into smaller sections called arterioles which connect to the alveoli. Oxygen diffuses across the tissue and into the capillaries. Conversely the carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli • The pulmonary vein brings the oxygenated blood to the heart http://learn.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/pulmonary.html

8. Fun Fact • Red blood cells have no nuclei, so they can carry more oxygen. However because of this, they cannot multiple and after around 120 days the cell will die from damage or aging. http://www.protein-structure.net/reading-244-Hemolysis-and-Fragility-of-Red-Blood-Cells.html

9. Interdependence of Systems • • Transports hormones, produced in the endocrine cycle, around the body • • Helps dispose of the waste and carbon dioxide • • Nutrients from the digestive system are released into the circulatory system and used as energy for cells • • The circulatory system works with the muscular system, in the heart, a muscle, pumps blood through the body • • The marrow inside of the skeletal system produces the white and red blood cells. These make up the blood stream and fight off disease and carry oxygen • • The immune system consists of white blood cells, which fight off diseases and infections

10. Pathway of Blood • Blood flows throughout the body through a system of blood vessels(veins & arteries). The blood vessels carry blood to every part in the body. The blood begins to contract in the right ventricle and eventually travels to pulmonary artery and then to the lungs. The blood picks up oxygen from the lungs and travels to a main artery of the body, the Aorta. This artery distributes the blood to other parts of the body such as the head, liver, and gut. The Aorta also dispenses blood back to the heart. The heart continually pumps blood which is used throughout the body. • HowStuffWorks "Blood Flow". (n.d.). HowStuffWorks. Retrieved May 30, 2014, fromhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/humanbody/systems/circulatory/heart3.htm

11. How the Circulatory System and Respiratory System Are Related • Oxygen is gathered through the circulatory system and then transported through the circulatory system • These two systems work together to eliminate carbon dioxide • The lungs are important in both systems • The alveoli and capillaries in the lungs are where the two systems meet • The oxygen from the lungs is moved through the blood to the heart • Both cycles start with inhalation and exhalation • Both cycles are controlled in the brain but are involuntary

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13. Bibliography - • Khosla, N. (2014). Introduction to the Cardiovascular System. Retrieved from http://www.ck12.org/user:Y21vc2J5QHRtc2FjaGFydGVyLm9yZw../book/7th-grade-NC-essential-standards/r2/section/10.1/ • Castro, J. (2013, September 25). 11 Surprising Facts About the Circulatory System. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/39925-circulatory-system-facts-surprising.html • (2009). Circulatory System. Retrieved from http://userpages.umbc.edu/~farabaug/sokolo3.html • Durani, Y. (2013, January). Heart and Circulatory System. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/heart.html • (2000-2014). Blood Flow in Human Circulatory System. Retrieved from http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-images-blood-flow-human-circulatory-system-illustration-white-background-image35501514 • Phelan, J. (2011). What is life?: a guide to biology with physiology. New York, New York: W.H. Freeman. • American Society of Hematology. (2009, January 29). The Components of Blood and Their Importance. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-sKZWqsUpw

14. Bibliography • Anatomy of the human heart. (n.d.). . Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://images.wisegeek.com/diagram-of-the-anatomy-of-the-human-heart.jpg • Fox, C., & Barwick, S. (2014, June 1). What Is the Connection Between the Circulatory System and Respiratory System?. WiseGeek. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-connection-between-the-circulatory-system-and-respiratory-system.htm • Heart disease. (n.d.). Definition. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/basics/definition/con-20034056

15. Bibliography- • The Circulatory System. (n.d.). BBC News. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/0_anat omy_circulatorysys_rev3.shtml • Circulatory System Working With Other Systems! - Delta Science. (n.d.). <i>Circulatory System Working With Other Systems! - Delta Science</i>. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from https://sites.google.com/a/apps.svsu.org/waterwheel- science/home/the-circulatory-system/circulatory-system-working-with-other- systems • Concept 1 Review: Structure and Function of Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins. (n.d.). Concept 1 Review: Structure and Function of Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cardio2/ structure.html • Durani, Y. (2013, January 1). Heart and Circulatory System. KidsHealth - the Web's most visited site about children's health. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/heart.html • Phelan, J. (). <i>What is Life? A to Biology with Physiology </i>. : Ebooks. • Thadani, R. (n.d.). Circulatory System Organs. Buzzle. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/circulatory-system-organs.html • 36 Interesting Facts About . . . varaddthis_config = {"services_compact":"email,fark,digg,delicious,linkedin", "services_expanded":"email,fark,digg,delicious,linkedin"}; (36 Interesting Facts about the Human Heart)