VITAL STATISTICS IN INDIA

1. VITAL STATISTICS IN INDIA P.Prabhu

2. SOURCE OF VITAL STATISTICS IN INDIA • Population Census • Civil Registration System • Sample Registration System (SRS) • Demographic Sample Surveys such as those conducted by the National Sample Surveys Organization(NSSO) • Health Surveys

3. Population Census • Earliest literature 'Rig-Veda' reveals that some kind of population count was maintained in during 600-800 BC in India. • Systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. • First census in India was held in 1881, Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten year. • Census of India 2011 was the 15th census in the continuous series as reckoned from1872.

4. Population Census • The task of census taking was completed in two phases. • First phase, known as House –listing • Second phase, known as Population Enumeration • The Indian Census is one of the largest administrative exercises undertaken in the world. • Web link http://www.censusindia.gov.in

5. Civil Registration System • Civil Registration System popularly known as birth and death registration system is the recording of vital events i.e. live births, still births and deaths. • Registration records are useful primarily as legal documents and secondarily as a source of statistics. • In India, the system of civil registration has been in operation for more than a century. • Present registration of births and deaths is being done under Act,1969. Data on CRS • On the basis of returns/reports received from States, annual report on Vital Statistics of India based on CRS are being released. • Web link http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/CRS.html

6. Sample Registration System (SRS) • Initiated in 1969-70 for want of complete registration from CRS. • Provide reliable annual estimates of birth, death and infant mortality rates at the State and National levels separately for rural and urban areas. • Also provides Child Mortality Rate (CMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Sex Ratio at Birth and 0-4 age, Institutional deliveries, Medical Attention before death, etc. • Under 5 mortality rate also generated from 2008 annually.

7. Sample Registration System (SRS) • One of the largest demographic household sample survey in the world • Sample size determination based on IMR • 1.3 million households and about 7 million population • Only panel survey with dual recording • Panel revised once in 10 years based on the latest available Census frame Data on SRS • On the basis of data received from SRS sample units, Annual Statistical Report based on Sample Registration System are being released. • Data on SRS http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html

8. National Sample Surveys Organization(NSSO) • National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), now known as National Sample Survey Office, is an organization under the Ministry of Statistics of the Government of India. • Largest organization in India conducting regular socio-economic surveys (like household consumer expenditure, employment and unemployment, health and medical services etc). • Established in 1950

9. National Sample Surveys Organization(NSSO) • Topics to be decides in a particular survey round. • NSSO every year brings out reports on status of estimation of agricultural production in India. • Currently 72nd round of survey starts from July 1, covering two important subjects - domestic tourism expenditure, and household expenditure on services and durable goods.Web link: http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/inner.aspx?status=3&menu_id=31

10. Health Surveys • National Family Health Survey (NFHS) • Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS-RCH) • Annual Health Survey (AHS) • Concurrent Evaluation of NRHM • Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) • Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)

11. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) • NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India • Three rounds of the survey have been conducted since • NFHS -1 (1992 – 93) • NFHS -2 (1998 – 99) • NFHS -3 (2005 – 06) • NFHS -4 (2014 – 15) Ongoing

12. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) • NFHS has had two specific goals: • To provide essential data on health and family welfare needed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and other agencies for policy and programmepurposes • To provide information on important emerging health and family welfare issues.

13. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) • Survey provides state and national information for India on • Fertility • Infant and Child mortality • Practice of family planning • Maternal and child health • Reproductive health • Nutrition & Anemia utilization • Quality of health and family planning services

14. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, designated the International Institute for Population Sciences(IIPS)Mumbai, as the nodal agency, responsible for providing coordination and technical guidance for the survey. • Technical assistance for the NFHS was provided mainly by ORC Macro (USA) and other organizations on specific issues. The funding for different rounds of NFHS has been provided by USAID, DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, UNFPA, and MOHFW, GOI • Web link - http://www.rchiips.org/NFHS/index.shtml

15. Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS-RCH) • DLHS-RCH is a one of the largest ever demographic and health surveys carried out in India, with a sample size of about seven lakh households covering all districts of the country. • Three rounds of the survey have been conducted since • RCH -1 (1998 – 99) • RCH -2 (2002 – 04) • DLHS -3 (2007 – 08) • DLHS -4 (2011 – 12) results going to publish coming January 2015

16. Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS-RCH) • DLHS-RCH has specific goal: • To provide district level estimates on health indicators to assist policy makers and program administrators in decentralized planning, monitoring and evaluation.

17. Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS-RCH) • Survey provides state and national information for India on • Maternal and child health • Reproductive health • Practice of family planning • Performance of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) • Accessibility and utilization of health facilities • Health facility adequacy and performance

18. Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS-RCH) • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, designated the International Institute for Population Sciences(IIPS)Mumbai, as the nodal agency, responsible for providing coordination and technical guidance for the survey. Web link - http://www.rchiips.org/

19. Annual Health Survey (AHS) AHS yields a comprehensive, representative dataset on core vital indicators including composite ones like IMR, MMR and TFR along with their co-variates (process and outcome indicators) at the district level changes there in on an annual basis. Enable direct monitoring of UN Millennium Development Goals on Child Mortality and Maternal Health at the district(s) level. Help in identifying high focus districts meriting special attention in view of stark inter-district variations in these States. Provide critical inputs to assess the milestones of various interventions including NRHM and pave the way for evidence based planning. Coverage- All the 284 districts of 8 EAG States and Assam. Web link - http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/AHSurvey.html

20. Concurrent Evaluation of NRHM • The objective of the Concurrent Evaluation is to assess the reach of NRHM activities to the rural communities. • The aim is to get various indicators about implementation of health care programmes which will be helpful to policy makers and programme managers in effective implementation of NRHM. • The concurrent evaluation has been carried out in all States and UTs covering 197 selected districts in the first round of evaluation.

21. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Since the mid-1990s, the MICS has enabled many countries to produce statistically sound and internationally comparable estimates of a range of indicators in the areas of health, education, child protection and HIV/AIDS. MICS findings have been used extensively as a basis for policy decisions and programme interventions, and for the purpose of influencing public opinion on the situation of children and women around the world. UNICEF assists countries in collecting and analyzing data in order to fill data gaps for monitoring the situation of children and women through its international household survey initiative the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys(MICS). Countries to better monitor progress toward national goals and global commitments, including twenty of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as the target year 2015 approaches Web link - http://www.childinfo.org/mics.html

22. Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) • LASI focuses on the health, economic, and social well-being of India's elderly population. LASI is conceptually comparable to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States. • Technical support by IIPS Mumbai, Harvard School of Public Health and RAND Corporation

23. Thank you….