Chapter 18 The Age of Reform

1. Chapter 18 The Age of Reform Section One: The Progressive Movement

2. I. The Progressive Spirit • The Progressives • Focused on plight of workers, poor sanitation, corrupt political machines • Usually middle or upper class, college educated • Women and progressivism • Joined as a way to influence politics

3. II. Progressive Issues • A dangerous workplace • Steel mill- 25% injured or killed a year • Wanted- 8 hr day, minimum wage, safer working conditions, end to child labor • Social problems • Election reforms • Science and technology to solve social problems

4. III. Inspiration for Reform • Muckraking press • Spread the message • McClure’s Magazine • “raked up” and exposed the muck, or filth of society • Tarbell and Standard Oil • Focused on business practices of John D. Rockefeller • Muckraking books • Lincoln Steffens- Shame of Cities • Ray Stannard Baker- African American Injustices, lynching

5. IV. Writers and Social Problems • Harsh effects of industrial society • Theodore Dreiser • Edith Wharton • Herbert Croly

6. Section Two Reforming the New Industrial Order

7. I. Reforming the Workplace • 10 hrs a day, 6 days, $1.50 a day= men • Female and child laborers • Worked for less • Labor Laws • Limit child labor • Improve conditions • Limited hours • Higher wages- minimum-wage law

8. II. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire • March 25, 1911, New York City • fire in the factory- workers stuck inside • 143 workers die in fire

9. III. Progressivism and the Supreme Court • Most early legislation overturned • Fourteenth Amendment- “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”

10. IV. Labor Unions • Fought for workers • AFL- American Federation of Labor • Samuel Gompers • ILGWU- International Ladies Garment Workers Union • “Uprising of 20,000”- strike • Mixed results • IWW- Industrial Workers of the World • Socialist • Short lived

11. Section Three Reforming Society

12. I. Cleaning up the city • Cleaning up • Better housing, improve public education • Garbage collection ,health care, police, and fire protection • Playgrounds and parks • City planning • Park construction, building codes, sanitation standards, and zoning

13. II. Moral Reform • The passage of prohibition • Anti-Saloon League and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union • Eighteenth Amendment- 1917 • Repealed in 1933 • Moviegoing • 5 or 10 cent movie ticket • Nickelodeons • Reformers demanded that movies be censored

14. III. Progressives and Racial Discrimination • Views of Du Bois • African American influential leader • Early civil rights leader • African Americans organize • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- NAACP- 1909 • Used court system • National Urban League • Fought for civil rights • American Indians 1. Society of American Indians

15. IV. Immigrants and Assimilation • Mixed results • discrimination • Americanization- assimilation 1. Taught to read, write, and speak English

16. Assignment • You are to plan your own Industrial city. On a piece of paper sketch a city that will attract employers and residents. Include in your sketch all improvements that were covered in the last few chapters. • Should be included: • Jobs- Industrial center • Residential library • Parks Social Services- police station, Fire, etc. • Sports and leisure streets • Schools suburbs