5.1 and 5.2 Review

1. 5.1 and 5.2 Review AP Statistics

2. What you should know • Know how to determine the population, sample, and individuals within a study. • Know the definition of bias • Know how to identify the different types of bias • Know how to create a completely randomized experiment in a block design • Know how to identify the explanatory and response variable within an experiment. • Know how to create a matched pairs design either through a full explanation or an explanation and design.

3. Know how to determine the population, sample, and individuals within a study. • Problem 5.2 • Identify the population, the sample, and the individuals in each of the following • a. Each week, the gallop poll questions a sample of about 1500 adult US residents to determine national opinion on a wide variety of issues. • Population: All US residents • Sample 1500 US residents • Individuals: Each US resident

4. Know the definition of bias • The design of a study is biased if it systematically favors certain outcomes.

5. Know how to identify the different types of bias • Voluntary response bias • Response bias • Nonresponse • Undercoverage • Wording of question bias

6. Know how to create a completely randomized experiment in a block design • Problem 5.38

7. Know how to identify the explanatory and response variable within an experiment. • Problem 5.14, 5.16

8. Know how to create a matched pairs design either through a full explanation or an explanation and design. • A new company has created rubber for the bottom of boots that they claim will last longer than regular boot rubber. Eight people are selected for this experiment that will run for a duration of three months. In a paragraph (or algorithm) describe the design of a matched pairs experiment to compare the durability of the new rubber to the old rubber. • First of all, a matched pairs experiment must have two treatments, both treatments must be done on each individual, the units and treatments must be independent of each other, and we must randomly decide which treatment will be given first.

9. 2 ways to do it • 1. We will take our eight people and give each person a pair of boots. One boot having the old rubber and the other having the new rubber. We will flip a coin to decide which rubber will go on the left foot. Heads for old rubber and tails for the new rubber. They are independent because one foot will not effect the other on wear. Each of the eight people will wear their boots for our duration of three months and the results will be compared. • 2. We will take our eight people and give them a pair of boots with the old rubber to wear for one and a half months and a pair of boots with the new rubber to wear for one and a half months. We will flip a coin to decide which pair of boots each of our eight subjects will get first. Heads being that they will get the old rubber first and tails being the new rubber first. This is independent because wearing one pair of boots will not effect the results when wearing the other pair of boots.