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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTS OF THE TSUNAMI ON THE MALAYSIAN CORAL REEFS

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTS OF THE TSUNAMI ON THE MALAYSIAN CORAL REEFS. Zulfigar Yasin, Anisah Lee and Aileen Tan Centre for Marine And Costal Studies Universiti Sains Malaysia. Location of North Malaysian coast affected by the Tsunami.

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTS OF THE TSUNAMI ON THE MALAYSIAN CORAL REEFS

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  1. AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTS OF THE TSUNAMI ON THE MALAYSIAN CORAL REEFS Zulfigar Yasin, Anisah Lee and Aileen Tan Centre for Marine And Costal Studies Universiti Sains Malaysia

  2. Location of North Malaysian coast affected by the Tsunami

  3. Landsat Thematic Mapper image of the coastal region of North Peninsular Malaysia

  4. LANGKAWI ISLANDS Existing Coastal Habitats North Kuala Kedah PAYAR ISLANDS ALOR SETAR SONGSONG ISLANDS STRAITS OF MALACCA Merbok Muka Head Marine Research Station USM Kota Kuala Muda PENANG Butterworth Georgetown Scale 1:80 000

  5. LANGKAWI ISLANDS North Pantai Kok Scale 1:80 000 Pantai Chenang Tg. Malai Pu. Beras Basah Pu. Singa Besar Kuala Kedah PAYAR ISLANDS Sg. Kedah Pu. Segantang Pu. Payar ALOR SETAR SONGSONG ISLANDS STRAITS OF MALACCA Merbok Sg. Merbok MukaHead Marine Research Station USM Sg. Muda Kota Kuala Muda Tk. Bahang Bt. Feringghi Butterworth PENANG Balik Pulau Pu. Kendi Sg. Udang Sg. Aceh Areas of tsunami impact

  6. Muka Head Marine Research Station Universiti Sains Malaysia

  7. Research on the Seas and Islands of Malaysia (ROSES) - Voyage Route 2004 LEGEND SECTION 1 SECTION 3

  8. Pre-tsunami image Post-tsunami image Subset Image Pre-processing Phase Subset Study Area Study Area Masking Masking Pre-tsunami Coastal Area Post-tsunami coastal area Image Processing Phase Atmospheric correction Atmospheric correction Pre-tsunami coastal area Post-tsunami coastal area Supervised Classification Supervised Classification Supervised Classification Pre-tsunami Coastal Habitat Map Supervised Classification Post-tsunami Coastal Habitat Map Archival data (ROSES etc) Accuracy Assessment Accuracy Assessment High Accuracy (>75%) Low Accuracy (75%) High Accuracy (>75%) Low Accuracy ( 75%) Reclassification Map Composition Output: Pre-tsunami Coastal Habitat Classification Map Output: Post-tsunami Coastal Habitat Classification Map Map Composition Groundtruthing data New survey data Final Output: Coastal Habitats Affected by Tsunami Change Detection Analysis

  9. Coral reefs – offshore islands • Offshore reefs islands surveyed • Evidence unlike that of large storm damage • Erosion on reef tops especially the reef edge • Sediment resuspension and damage to fragile coral skeletons

  10. Fringing reefs • Deeper water reefs less affected • Shallow and intertidal reefs most affected • Evidence of secondary effects of tsunami already seen • Stress monitoring underway

  11. Sea grass beds and mudflats • Mudflats and coastal sandy beaches show change in beach profile • Changes in animal community profile • Epifauna affected • Indication of community changes

  12. Sea condition three hoursafter the tsunami event - ebbing tide

  13. Sea condition - 8 minutes later

  14. Fish kill a day after the tsunami event

  15. Remains of fishermen’s aquaculture cages in Penang - 3 hours after the tsunami event

  16. Largest change of generic reef types between the SCS and the Indian Ocean

  17. Some salient points • Important not to generalise impacts • Pre-tsunami data and ecological behaviour critical in assessment • Immediate post tsunami monitoring important for effects not to be masked • Assessment must have a predictive value and therefore detail scientific assessment important • Devastation in Acheh reefs and Malaysian offshore islands mostly unknown • Immediate need to set up post tsunami assessment specifically for coral reefs in the impacted areas of Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia

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