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Human Impacts on Coral Reefs

Human Impacts on Coral Reefs. Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses. Factors Correlated with Healthy Coral Reef Growth. water temperature range: 18 – 29  C normal seawater salinity: 32 – 35 ‰ low inorganic nutrient concentrations (oligotrophic waters) clear, transparent water

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Human Impacts on Coral Reefs

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  1. Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses

  2. Factors Correlated with Healthy Coral Reef Growth • water temperature range: 18 – 29C • normal seawater salinity: 32 – 35 ‰ • low inorganic nutrient concentrations (oligotrophic waters) • clear, transparent water • little or no sedimentation • vigorous water motion

  3. Natural Sources of Stress on Coral Reefs • intense storms • El Niño • disease • volcanic eruptions • predator population explosions • natural stream and river runoff • exceptionally low tides

  4. Storm Wave Damage Before After

  5. Storm Damage

  6. Normal Wind and Ocean Circulation in the Pacific

  7. El Niño Conditions

  8. Sea Surface Temperatures April 8, 2013

  9. Impacts of El Niño Forest Fires Drought Bird life impacted Marine Life Impacted Coral Reef Damage Coastal Erosion Tropical Storm Floods

  10. Disease

  11. Lava Flows

  12. Crown-of-Thorns Outbreaks

  13. Stream and River Runoff

  14. Low Tides

  15. Some Local Human Impacts • thermal effluents • sewage discharges and agricultural runoff • mechanical damage to reefs • sedimentation • destructive resource extraction practices • introduced species • loving a reef to death

  16. Global Human Impacts • global warming • ozone depletion • ocean acidification

  17. Possible Consequences of Stresses and Impacts on Corals and Coral Reefs • outright mortality of coral tissues • breakage of coral colonies • bleaching • diseases • slower growth • reduced reproduction and recruitment • competitive exclusion by other organisms • increased reef erosion

  18. Traditional Hawaiian Uses of Coral Reef Resources

  19. Seaweedslimu

  20. Hooks andLures

  21. Octopus Lure

  22. Fishing Shrinesko‘a

  23. Hawaiian Fish Ponds He'eia fishpond

  24. Ahupua’a Ranges from the tip of the mtn to the reef area • Upland • Plains • Ocean

  25. TheAhupua‘a

  26. Modern Uses of Coral Reefs • Seafood • Food Additives and Toiletries • Health and Medicine Products • Research and Education • Jewelry and Art • Marine Aquarium Specimens • New Land • Cement & Other Building Supplies • Shoreline Protection • Recreation

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