Pro-Social Behaviour and the Bystander Effect

1. Pro-Social Behaviour and the Bystander Effect

2. Emergency Situations: Bystander Behaviour (handout)

3. Was John Rabe a good Nazi? Read page 263 of the Course Companion and answer the questions in the ‘Apply your knowledge’ box.

4. The Good Samaritan Do you know this story?

5. Bateson and Darley (1973) Is religious conviction a factor in people’s willingness to help strangers in need?

6. Bateson & Darley (1973) Participants: 40 seminary students Aim: To find out whether there’s a correlation between religious devotion and helping behaviour.

7. Bateson & Darley (1973) Participants: 40 seminary students Aim: To find out whether there’s a correlation between religious devotion and helping behaviour. Peronality questionnaire concerning how religious participants were.

8. Bateson & Darley (1973) Participants: 40 seminary students Aim: To find out whether there’s a correlation between religious devotion and helping behaviour. Peronality questionnaire concerning how religious participants were. 2 conditions: Give a talk on the Good Samaritan parable Give a talk on jobs

9. Bateson & Darley (1973) IV: whether or not seminarians were told to hurry. DV: to what extent the seminarians stopped to help.

10. Bateson & Darley (1973) Findings: Overall 40% helped

11. Bateson & Darley (1973) Findings: Overall 40% helped 63% of the low-hurry condition

12. Bateson & Darley (1973) Findings: Overall 40% helped 63% of the low-hurry condition 45% of the intermediate hurry condition

13. Bateson & Darley (1973) Findings: Overall 40% helped 63% of the low-hurry condition 45% of the intermediate hurry condition 10% of the late condition

14. Bateson & Darley (1973) Which speech the seminarians were about to give made little difference to their helping behaviour.

15. Bateson & Darley (1973) What do these results suggest?

16. Bateson & Darley (1973) How participants had completed the initial questionnaire made no difference to their helping behaviour.

17. Bateson & Darley (1973) The results suggest that situational factors played a bigger part in helping behaviour than dispositional factors in this study.

18. Kitty Genovese Read the newspaper article on what happened on the night of Kitty Genovese’s death.

20. Latane & Darley • Latane and Darley came up with the term bystanderism. • Read pages 264 – 265 of the Course Companion and make notes on • Bystanderism • Diffusion of responsibility • Pluralistic ignorance

21. Latane & Darley (1968) Diffusion of responsibility Participants told they’d be interviewed over an intercom Heard another ‘participant’ choking

22. Latane & Darley (1968) Diffusion of responsibility When participants thought they were the only one in a position to help, they helped 85% of the time.

23. Latane & Darley (1968) Diffusion of responsibility When participants thought they were the only one in a position to help, they helped 85% of the time. This dropped to 64% when they thought there was one other person.

24. Latane & Darley (1968) Diffusion of responsibility When participants thought they were the only one in a position to help, they helped 85% of the time. This dropped to 64% when they thought there was one other person. And dropped to 31% when they thought there were 4 other people present.

25. Latane & Darley (1969) Pluralistic Ignorance In a group situation, people often look to others to know how to react

26. Latane & Darley (1969) What is meant by informational social influence?

27. Latane & Darley (1969) What is meant by informational social influence? Make a note of this.

28. Latane & Darley (1969) Latane & Darley asked participants to wait in a waiting room.

29. Latane & Darley (1969) Latane & Darley asked participants to wait in a waiting room. They heard the sound of the female experimenter fall and cry out in another room.

30. Latane & Darley (1969) Participants were much more likely to help when they were alone than when they were in the company of a confederate who did not react to the experimenter’s cries. Why do you think this might be?

31. Factors influencing helping behaviour In real life, emergency situations are often ambiguous. Observers may not always realize that their help is needed. People are also less likely to intervene if they think there is a relationship between people, e.g. in the case of domestic violence.

32. 2 Studies Make some notes about both Latane and Darley’s 1968 and 1969 studies. Use the FAME framework. Accompany your notes with a sketch to help you remember the studies later.

33. Watch this clip and make brief notes about the work of Latane and Darley. BBC_OU Open2.net - Eyewitness - Bystander intervention.flv

35. Here’s another example of pluralistic ignorance, informational social influence and the bystander effect.

37. Watch this interview with Latane and Darley.