Organizational Behaviour Social Behaviour

1. Organizational BehaviourSocial Behaviour Groups and Teamwork

2. Defining groups • A collection of two or more interacting individuals who share a common goal • Task force (project groups) = temporary group put together to achieve a specific goal or solve a specific goal • Committee = permanent groups to handle recurring issues that cannot not be handled by the normal hierarchical system.

3. Dynamics of group performance??

4. The effects of group size • Performance – depends on the type of task • Additive – potential created by adding performance together • Disjunctive – potential determined by the best member • Conjunctive – potential determined by weakest member - related to social loafing (free rider or sucker effect) • Satisfaction - the larger the group the less the satisfaction level

5. Team size and productivity Total Productivity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mean productivity per member 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

6. Group formation – group development • Tuckman’s stage development model • Forming – finding out about group members and the task • Storming – conflict about leadership and the task • Norming – developing norms and cohesion • Performing – getting the job done • Adjourning – leaving the group

7. Group formation – group development • Punctuated equilibrium model • Phase 1 – the group develops then maintains an interaction pattern and approach to the task • Midpoint transition – a dramatic change in interaction patterns or task approach • Phase 2 – the interaction pattern or approach to the task continues from the transition

8. Group norms • Generally agreed upon informal rules that guide group member behaviour • Can be prescriptive or proscriptive • Examples - Dress norms or performance norms

9. Group cohesion/cohesiveness • The strength of members’ desires to remain part of their group • Influenced by: • Time spent together • External threat and competition • Success • Member diversity • Size • Initiation rights

10. The relationship between norms, cohesion and team performance Team norms compatible with organizational objectives Team norms in conflict with organizational objectives High Cohesion Low Cohesion

11. The relationship between norms, cohesion and team performance Team norms compatible with organizational objectives Team norms in conflict with organizational objectives Low Cohesion High Cohesion