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Global connections Unit 3

Global connections Unit 3. Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire The Frankish Kingdoms. The Early Middle Ages 500-1000 AD. Characteristics (a dark age?) Culture 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman) How did the Church survive as the Empire fell? Autonomy (courts and law) Leadership

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Global connections Unit 3

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  1. Global connections Unit 3 Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire The Frankish Kingdoms

  2. The Early Middle Ages500-1000 AD • Characteristics (a dark age?) • Culture • 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman) • How did the Church survive as the Empire fell? • Autonomy (courts and law) • Leadership • Organization

  3. Life after Rome 476 AD: Western Roman Empire falls • Europe is chaotic • Barbarian tribes established Kingdoms throughout Europe • Franks in France • Angles, Saxons and Jutes in Britain

  4. The Expanded Role of the Clergy • Early Caesaropapism: Popes of this time were forced to assume both temporal and spiritual authority • Pope Gregory the Great (590-614) (Chant) • exercised independent Temporal power (ex: helped the poor) • Fostered the monastic movement in Western Europe • St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for monastic life • The Role of Monks and Nuns • Manuscript illumination • Missionary work (St. Boniface) • Hospitals, education of farmers

  5. Germanic Culture • Oral tradition • Rural not urban • Legal system • Trial by ordeal • Customs • Polygamy • Incest

  6. Manuscript Illumination

  7. The Frankish Kingdom • Clovis • Allied with the Roman Catholic Church and united Frankish Kingdoms in 496 • Began the Merovingian Dynasty • On his death years of civil war and the empire divided into 3 parts • Result: Emergence of a noble warrior class and a new position Mayor of the Palace

  8. Europe in 526 AD

  9. The Carolingians • Began as a Mayors of the Palace • Restructured the Frankish lands • Pippin of Landon, Pippin II, Charles Martel, Pippin III (or “The Short”) • Charles Martel 714-741: Battle of Tours (732) • The end of the Merovingians • Pippin III (the short): Asked the Pope to name him “King of the Franks” • 1st Carolingian King of the Franks

  10. Biographical Information • Born April 2, 742 in Aix-la-Chapelle, France • Son of Pepin III • Hunting, riding, and singing • Christian upbringing • 4 legal wives and 6 concubines • Many children only 3 reached adulthood

  11. Scholarship • He Studied Logic, Rhetoric, Dialects • He could read Latin but could not write • Sponsored education by establishing Cathedral schools (most imp?) • At his court in Aachen (aka. Aix-Le-Chapelle) Charlemagne assembled scholars • Alcuin of Northumbria • Einhard (Vita Caroli)

  12. Charles as Emperor • Charlemagne and Carloman (his brother) assumed the throne in 768 • When Carloman-died 771 Charles becomes the sole ruler • Saved Papacy from Lombards 773-774 • Defeated the Byzantines and the Avars • Used fear and his incredible energy to control his Empire • 4,000 Saxons killed at Verdun in one day

  13. The Empire of Charlemagne

  14. Organization of the Empire • Delegated authority to local Counts • Checked on what they were doing using a system of Missi Dominici (agents of the King) • One clergy one layman (every year) • He sought to awe conquered peoples with his fierce presence and terrible justice

  15. Battle of Roncesvalles 778 • On way home form Spain his rear guard was ambushed by Basques or Saracens • Charlemagne’s only defeat • Roland became a great hero of many songs, dances, and romances (The Song of Roland)

  16. The Coronation of Charlemagne • Christmas Day 800 • Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor • This event solidifies his identity as a man of Frankish practices and Christian ideals • Benefits for Charles? The Church? • Did he know?

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