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Enterprise promotion for livelihoods in tribal areas

Enterprise promotion for livelihoods in tribal areas. Migration Consultation, Bhopal August 2013. Types of migration. Seasonal short-term for agriculture and other labor (men and women—MP and Jharkhand)

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Enterprise promotion for livelihoods in tribal areas

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  1. Enterprise promotion for livelihoods in tribal areas Migration Consultation, Bhopal August 2013

  2. Types of migration • Seasonal short-term for agriculture and other labor (men and women—MP and Jharkhand) • Longer term – voluntary/forced (men, women and girls to cities like Delhi and Mumbai—Jharkhand and MP); insurgency-driven for cadres (adolescent boys and girls in Jharkhand)

  3. Local Market Microenterprises for year-round livelihood security (Forest produce—mahua: agriculture—vegetable , horticulture; livestock--poultry) • SHGs, bank-linkages, with enterprise management training (knowledge, attitude and skills) for business idea, primary aggregation and value addition, pricing, market negotiations.

  4. Value Chains for sustainable enterprises Specific commodities and services for larger numbers , mainly women with social support such as creches, literacy for young women and older girls, employability for men • R and D; value chain architecture; transactions support; enterprise-focused institutions and market linkages; advanced enterprise and entrepreneur development training; market and financial linkages; adapting some local market enterprises for integration into value chains • Lac (a resin) and Village Level Service Centers (two way chain for aggregation and retail)

  5. Effect on Migration • Successful value chains stopped long-term migration. Where incomes were substantial like in lac (20000-3 lakhs), women’s involvement in the activity rose as did investments in health and education (Jh; to be tested in MP) • Local microenterprise development reduced long-term migration (both states)

  6. Effect on Migration • Focus on women improved enterprise outcomes. Migration shifted from distress to some choice; long-term to short-term; city to village/nearby (Reasons: type of activity; opportunity; fewer options for women; lower expectation of returns as compared to men).

  7. Trafficking -- Just begun… • Youth trafficking, employment of young women as maids in Delhi and Mumbai • Distortion in role-model perspectives -- quiet acquiescence of induction of youth into insurgency, including girls (Jharkhand). How? -Functional literacy and vocational skills for older girls -Integrating VAW modules within core enterprise training (for producers, entrepreneurs and NGO staff) to reinforce the importance of women to microenterprise outcomes

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