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Medieval Europe

Medieval Europe. The 13th Century. Overview. 1202: pope Innocent III claims extensive papal power 1204: Constantinople looted by Crusaders Fourth Crusade 1209: Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan religious order 1212: Iberian Muslims crushed in Spanish Crusade 1215:

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Medieval Europe

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  1. Medieval Europe The 13th Century

  2. Overview • 1202: pope Innocent III claims extensive papal power • 1204: Constantinople looted by Crusaders • Fourth Crusade • 1209: Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan religious order • 1212: Iberian Muslims crushed in Spanish Crusade • 1215: • English king John seals the Magna Carta • Fourth Lateran Council meets in Rome • 1217: Dominic’s order of wandering preachers, the Friars Preacher (aka “Dominicans”) given papal recognition

  3. Overview (cont.) • 1227: Ulrich von Lichtenstein’s Venusfahrt • 1241: beginning of the Hanseatic League • 1250: death of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen • Stupor Mundi • 1255: the Church approved use of torture in the hunt for heretics • c. 1280: Marco Polo at the Great Khan’s court • c. 1290: the invention of spectacles • in Italy

  4. Pope Innocent III • R. 1198-1216 • The most powerful of the medieval popes • well educated in both canon law and theology • the dominant figure in Europe during his papacy

  5. Francis of Assisi • 1182-1226 • Founder of the Franciscan Order and one of the most honored saints of the Catholic faith • Below: trying to convert the Egyptian sultan

  6. St. Francis (cont.) • The patron saint of ecology

  7. The Franciscans • The order was founded in 1209 by St. Francis • Poverty and the Regula primitiva • “primitive rule” • c. 1300: violent disputes between the Spirituals and the Conventuals

  8. St. Dominic • 1170-1221 • Founder of the Order of Friars Preachers • the “Dominicans” • express purpose: to preach against and otherwise combat heresy • right: Dominic oversees the burning of unacceptable books

  9. Dominican friars • Like the Franciscans, they sought to challenge the wealth and laxity of the older monastic orders

  10. The Courtly Lover • Below: the remarkable Ulrich von Lichtenstein

  11. Stupor Mundi • Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen • 1194-1250 • De arte venandi cum avibus

  12. The great dispute • Right: a representation of God with the pope and the emperor • Whose authority is hereby greatest?

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