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The Jeffersonian Republic

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The Jeffersonian Republic

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    1. The Jeffersonian Republic 1800-1815

    2. Key Events of the Jeffersonian Era Jefferson was President, 1801-1809. Influence of Jeffersonianism Election of 1800 Jefferson’s “Revolution” Rise of the Supreme Court Westward Expansion Second Great Awakening War of 1812

    4. Electoral College Results

    5. Votes by Ticket

    6. Election of 1800 National backlash against Federalists Peace with France Alien and Sedition Acts 6 out of 16 states used popular votes to determine electors Jefferson and Burr tie with 73 votes Federalist-controlled House chooses Jefferson Hamilton and others opposed to Burr House voted 36 times before deciding on Jefferson Peaceful transition of power between parties

    12. Peaceful, but uneasy transition 6 Democratic-Republicans out of 600 bureaucrats Judiciary Act of 1801 Repealed in 1802 John Adams’s “midnight appointments” Jefferson cut taxes and limited size of government Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury Barbary War of 1801

    16. John Marshall’s Supreme Court Supreme Court became powerful under Chief Justice John Marshall (1801-1835). Federalist Appointed by John Adams Issue with “midnight appointments” Marbury v. Madison (1803) and judicial review

    17. Marbury v. Madison William Marbury, nominated justice of the peace by Adams Uncommissioned Writ of mandamus to John Madison Congress gave Supreme Court power of writ of mandamus under Judiciary Act of 1789 Marshall sided with Madison, declared Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional Judicial Review

    18. Judicial Review “The right of the court to review statutes and interpret the meaning of the Constitution.” Derived from Article III of the Constitution Phrase does not appear in the Constitution. Jefferson disliked the federal court system Sought to impeach federal judges following Marbury v. Madison Judges were unelected and unaccountable Why?

    20. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Westward expansion Spain had ceded Louisiana back to France. Jefferson wanted to purchase New Orleans. Why? Napoleon offered whole territory. $15 million for 830,000 square miles, or 531,200,000 acres; 3 cents per acre. Jefferson was unsure of the deal.

    21. The Louisiana Purchase

    22. Western Exploration, 1803-1807

    23. Distribution of Slave Population, 1790-1820

    27. Origins of the War of 1812 Impressments of American sailors and seizure of American ships. Embargo Act of 1807—Jefferson’s attempt at “peaceable coercion”—halted the export of American goods to Europe, particularly Britain. British forts in the West.

    28. James Madison Elected in 1808 Served as Jefferson’s Secretary of State. Weak president, power shifted to Congress. Congress dominated by Democrat War Hawks.

    29. War of 1812 “Second War of Independence”

    30. War of 1812 War backed primarily by Democratic War Hawks. Federalist party opposed to war. War finally declared on Great Britain on June 16, 1812. Napoleonic Wars Every Federalist in Congress voted against the declaration. Five key events of the war: Invasion of Canada, Native uprising, Battle of Washington, D.C., Battle of New Orleans, Hartford Convention

    31. Invasion of Canada Many War Hawks wanted to annex Canada into the United States. Britain still fighting France in the Napoleonic War; thought it would be an easy victory. U.S. army increased to 75,000; invaded Canada in 1812. Only success was the Battle of Lake Eerie in 1813; gave U.S. control of southern Great Lakes.

    33. Native America, 1783-1812

    34. Tecumseh Pan-Indian movement. Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809) Saw war as an opportunity. United several tribes against U.S. “Red Stick” army. Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) William Henry Harrison Horseshoe Bend (1814) Andrew Jackson

    36. Washington, D.C. Napoleon defeated in 1814. British now focus on North America. Small army of Brits capture Washington and burn several public buildings, including the Capitol and president’s mansion. Dolley Madison saves several works of art. Mansion later painted white to hide burn marks and nation’s humiliation.

    38. Battle of Fort McHenry Turning point September 1814 U.S. won a key battle at Fort McHenry outside Baltimore. Francis Scott Key penned the lyrics to “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Set it to the tune of an English drinking song.

    39. Battle of New Orleans War is over, but … 7,500 British troops opposed by hastily assembled and outnumbered American force led by Jackson. Defeated by regular soldiers, Kentucky and Tennessee frontiersmen, citizens of New Orleans including free blacks, Choctaw Indians, and pirates.

    40. Results of the War Treaty of Ghent (1814) American nationalism and patriotism Defeated world’s most powerful army, again Death of the Federalist Party at the Hartford Convention Economic revival Rise of Andrew Jackson

    41. Hartford Convention Federalists controlled the New England states. Called a convention at Hartford, Conn., in 1814. Goal was to discuss secession and the South’s growing political power. Repeal of 3/5 clause 2/3 majority in Congress to declare war and admit new states 1 term limit for the president Ban on same-state succession to presidency Prohibit naturalized citizens from holding any federal office Predictions of doom and gloom ignored Continued loss of power after 1814

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