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The Jeffersonian Republic

The Jeffersonian Republic. Table of Contents. The Triumph of the Jeffersonians. The Trials of the Jeffersonians. The Era of Good Feeling?. The Marshall Court. 1817-1824. 1800-1806. 1807-1817. 1801-1835. The Triumph of the Jeffersonians. USHC 2.1

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The Jeffersonian Republic

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  1. The Jeffersonian Republic

  2. Table of Contents The Triumph of the Jeffersonians The Trials of the Jeffersonians The Era of Good Feeling? The Marshall Court • 1817-1824 • 1800-1806 • 1807-1817 • 1801-1835

  3. The Triumph of the Jeffersonians USHC 2.1 Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy… as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase…

  4. The Election of 1800 Jefferson (R) 73 Burr (R) 73 Adams (F) 65 Pinckney (F) 64 TIEBREAKER: House of Representatives 1 vote per state 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820

  5. The Twelfth Amendment DISTINCT BALLOTS for president and vice president

  6. Document 4.1

  7. Document 4.1

  8. The Louisiana Purchase

  9. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

  10. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

  11. Lewis and Clark Expedition NORTHWEST PASSAGE?

  12. The Marshall Court USHC 1.7 Summarize the expansion of the power of the national government as a result of Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall, such as the establishment of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison and the impact of political party affiliation on the Court.

  13. The Doomsday Clock After their devastating defeat in the Election of 1800, “doomsday” was quickly approaching for John Adams and the Federalist Party.

  14. “Lame Duck” Session 1801 ELECTION SUCCESSOR’S TERM In a “lame duck” session, the outgoing Congress meets and passes laws before the newly-elected members of Congress can take their seats.

  15. From Article III, Section 1 The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

  16. The Judiciary Act of 1801 The “Midnight Judges” Act “Lame Duck” Session Sixteen new federal circuit judges Sixteen federal judgeswith life tenure would beable to undermine Jefferson and the Republicans from the bench.

  17. John Marshall • Federalist • Secretary of State (Adams Administration) • Chief Justice of the Supreme Court “Midnight” Appointment John Marshall Chief Justice

  18. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Writ ofMANDAMUS as per Judiciary Act of 1789 • vs. • William Marbury • (Midnight Judge) • James Madison • (Secretary of State)

  19. From The Federalist No. 78 The judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution...

  20. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marshall’s Dilemma ??? John Marshall Chief Justice

  21. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marshall’s Decision Judiciary Act of 1789 is UNCONSTITUTINAL John Marshall Chief Justice

  22. JUDICIAL REVIEW

  23. JUDICIAL REVIEW Marshall: The Supreme Court can declare laws to be unconstitutional. • (in this case, a federal law passed by Congress) John Marshall Chief Justice

  24. ComparingJefferson & Marshall • Jefferson • (Republican) • Marshall • (Federalist)

  25. McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 BUS vs. Maryland John Marshall Chief Justice Maryland had placed a tax on the Bank of the United States. The B.U.S. sued Maryland in protest.

  26. McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 THE DECISION: The Marshall Court ruledin the Bank’s favor. John Marshall Chief Justice FEDERALISM ELASTIC CLAUSE SUPREMACY CLAUSE IMPLIED POWERS

  27. McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 “The power to tax involves the power to destroy.” John Marshall McCulloch v. Maryland John Marshall Chief Justice

  28. Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 FEDERALISM COMMERCE CLAUSE John Marshall Chief Justice

  29. From Article I, Section 8 [The Congress shall have Power] To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States...

  30. GAME TIME!!! The Marshall Court: Using Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden as guides, determine whether Chief Justice John Marshall would “Like” or “Dislike” the following items. NOTE: This exercise is based on the Facebook news feed. At no point does the author assert that the format is original. NOT INTENDED FOR COMMERCIAL USE

  31. The “Elastic Clause” The Constitution The Congress shall have Power…To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. (Art I, Sec 8.18) 1787 · Comment · Like John Marshall likes this.

  32. Compact Theory / States’ Rights Thomas Jefferson Resolved, That the several States composing, the United States of America… by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States… constituted a general government for special purposes — delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government… 1798 · Comment · Like John Marshall dislikes this.

  33. Loose Construction Alexander Hamilton Every power vested in a Government is in its nature sovereign… which are not precluded by restrictions and exceptions specified in the constitution, or not immoral, or not contrary to the essential ends of political society. 23 Feb 1791 · Comment · Like John Marshall likes this. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a1_8_18s11.html

  34. Strict Construction James Madison The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite. 1788 · Comment · Like John Marshall dislikes this. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers/No._45

  35. The National Bank Alexander Hamilton A National Bank is an Institution of primary importance to the prosperous administration of the Finances, and would be of the greatest utility in the operations connected with the support of the Public Credit.... 1790 · Comment · Like John Marshall likes this. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Report_on_Public_Credit

  36. The Trials of the Jeffersonians The Embargo and the War of 1812 USHC 2.2 Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy… as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase…

  37. The Embargo and the War of 1812 The Trials of the Jeffersonians

  38. 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820

  39. The Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815

  40. Blockade Map Credit: http://www.normancrossgallery.com/history/index.html

  41. The United States Economy Early 19th Century RAW MATERIALS FINISHED GOODS MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURE

  42. The Jeffersonian Economic Model RAW MATERIALS FINISHED GOODS MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURE

  43. Impressment Art Credit: http://abikstickfigures.blogspot.com/2009/10/british-need-to-get-out-of-our-business.html

  44. The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair 1807

  45. Embargo Act of 1807 TRADE NEW ENGLAND • OBJECTIVES: • Economic Coercion • Avoid War • (Get Britain to stop impressing American sailors without going to war) • RESULT: FAILURE

  46. 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820

  47. The “War Hawks” Henry Clay (KY) John C. Calhoun (SC)

  48. Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 Harrison’s army defeats an Indian force associated with Tecumseh. William Henry Harrison Tecumseh

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