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Ethiopian History. Ethiopia: 1889. In 1889, Ethiopia crowned a new emperor, Menelik II, after years of struggle in their country. Before his crowning, Ethiopia was scared by the feudal system.
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Ethiopia: 1889 • In 1889, Ethiopia crowned a new emperor, Menelik II, after years of struggle in their country. • Before his crowning, Ethiopia was scared by the feudal system. • Menelik was stolen from his real father after a battle and lived with Theodore II in almost a prison. • Later he had a chance at gaining the crown when Theodore died. John IV held the throne after the death of Theodore, but it was Menelik’s turn to rule when John died.
Ethiopia: 1889 - 1899 • Menelik had many immediate issues to resolve when he came to power. • First, he saw Italy off of his coast, so he signed a treaty, (the treaty of Uccialli) gaining weapons, 30,000 guns and about 28 cannons. He had to give away territories to the north of Ethiopia around Keren, Massawa and Asmera. • However, the Italians cleverly included there would and could be a struggle in the future. Italians then declare that they have a protectorate over Ethiopia.
Ethiopia: 1890 - 1897 • In 1890, Ethiopia denies Italy has any kind of protectorate over them, not wanting European Imperialists to take over their country. • Italy advances to attempt to support their claim by force. • In 1893, Menelik II repudiated the entire treaty. • On May 1, 1896, 70,000 Ethiopian soldiers and their Italian weapons clash with Italian soldiers. • Italians suffer a humiliating defeat missing around 2,000 soldiers and having 4,000 dead. • Menelik uses his diplomatic advantage to gain territories surrounding Ethiopia.
Ethiopia: 1913 - 1916 • In 1913, Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson, LijYasu. Lij had just inherited the throne directly before the beginning of World War I. • Lij was an ineffectual man who showed a liking for Islam, implying siding with the central powers. • RasTafari was a stronger man whose father had served well underneath former emperor, Menelik. • Ras successfully threw a coup againtsLij. • Lij was replaced in 1916 by his aunt, Zauditu, and Ras became heir to her throne, and he was appointed to be her regent.
Ethiopia: 1917 - 1934 • For fourteen years, Ras greatly changed Ethiopia with his position, however, not being emperor lost him the opportunity of being able to change the home as much as the rest of the country. • In 1923, Ras secured Ethiopia to the League of nations. • Later he became the first Ethiopian ruler to travel to sites like Rome, Paris, and London. • Ras gained the throne in 1930 after the death of Zauditu. • He took the name HaileSelassie, meaning “might of the Trinity” then began with reforming. • First, he wrote a constitution for Ethiopia. Then he tried to end slavery and improve education, but he was distracted by a national crisis. • In 1934, his men collided with Italian troops in a colony in Somalia. It was a minor event, but it was seen as a pretext for war between the already agitated countries.
Ethiopia: 1935 - 1950 • In 1935 Italy began reinforcing troops in Somalia and stepped over the Ethiopian border. • Italians use World War I technology, including mustard gas, to attack the Ethiopians left with primitive muskets and cannons from their earlier treaty. • On May 5, 1936 Italy was able to conquer the capital city of Ethiopia. • Exactly five years to the day after the capital was taken, HaileSelassie returned to his city and took it back from Victor Emmanuel III. • Haile then set up the Organization of African Unity using his newly regained capital, Addis Ababa.
Ethiopia: Quick Ending Summary • Ethiopia struggled to fight off imperialism from Italy. • Ethiopian power was shifting and unstable throughout significant historical dates. • Ethiopia had an emperor before a new constitution was imposed in 1995. • Ethiopia does not like Italy.
