The Movement Takes a New Turn

1. The Movement Takes a New Turn Civil Rights 21.5

2. Malcolm X and Black Nationalism • More radical and militant political leaders emerged • Malcolm X of Omaha, NE was the most well known of these • At age 20 he was arrested for burglary and served seven years in prison

3. Malcolm X and Black Nationalism • While in prison he joined the Nation of Islam, better known as Black Muslims • Viewed white society as oppressive • preached black separation and self-help

4. Black Nationalism • Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam taught the enemy of the black people was white society • Members did not seek change through political means but waited for Allah to create the Black Nation

5. Black Nationalism • Malcolm X spent 12 years as a Minster for the Nation of Islam, spreading the ideas of black nationalism, a belief in the separate identify and racial unity of the AA community • His fiery speeches won him many followers

6. Opposition to Integration • Malcolm X disagreed with both the tactics and the goals of the early civil rights movement • He made a pilgrimage to Mecca • He was profoundly affected and changed his views about separatism and hatred of white people • When he returned he was ready to work with civil rights leaders • Malcolm X was shot at a rally • Three members of the Nation of Islam were charged

7. The Black Power Movement • SNCC • As young more radicals gain power the group changed • Workers were to carry guns for self defense • Wanted to make the group only black

8. Black Power Movement - Stokely Carmichael (SNCC chairman 1966) • His idea of black power was a call “to unite, to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community…to begin to define their own goals, to lead their own organizations and support those organizations.”

9. The Black Power Movement • The Black Panthers • 1966 a new militant political party, the Black Panthers, was formed by activists • Wanted AA to lead their own communities • Demanded the federal government rebuild the ghettos • Wanted to combat police brutality

10. The Black Power Movement • Gave rise to the slogan “Black is beautiful” which gave people racial pride • More radical groups were moving away from the NAACP’s nonviolent techniques

11. Riots in the Streets • Early civil rights movement focused on battling de jure segregation • Racial separation created by law • However new laws didn’t change de facto segregation • The separation caused by social conditions, such as poverty • Discrimination continued in education, housing, and employment

12. Riots in the Streets - Watts, CA • Residents of the ghetto neighborhoods, viewed police officers as dangerous oppressors • Riots broke out in several cities • One of the most violent was in Watts a neighborhood in LA, police officer hit a suspect with a riot baton and a crowd of AA started six days of rioting • When the national guard and local police gained control 34 people were dead and a thousand were injured

13. Tragedy Strikes in 1968 • A series of tragic events in 1968, many felt the nation was coming apart • Dr. MLK Jr. Assassinated • Robert Kennedy Assassinated

14. Tragedy Strikes in 1968 - MLK Jr. is Assassinated • Martin Luther King Jr. is Assassinated • Convinced that poverty bred violence, he broadened his approach to attack economic injustice • During a stop on a speech tour he was shot by a high-powered rifle on a hotel balcony • AA rioted in more than 120 cites and 50 people were left dead

15. Robert F. Kennedy Is Assassinated • Since the assassination of President John F. Kennedy his brother Robert had come to support the civil rights movement • In 1968, entered the race for President • June 4th, he won a key victory in California’s primary • Just after giving his victory speech he was shot by an assassin

16. 1968 in Pictures

17. Legacy of the Movement • Thousands of AA could now vote • Number of AA elected officials rose by 88 percent between 1970 to 1975 • Many black mayors were elected • Many other accomplishments have had a lasting effect