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Elian Wolfram

Ozone D epletion Measurements In Souther Patagonia. Elian Wolfram. Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones (LASER RESEARCH CENTER AND APPLICATIONS ) (CITEDEF-CONICET) Buenos Aires - Argentina. Staff of Lidar Division of CEILAP. Dr. Eduardo J. Quel /CITEDEF

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Elian Wolfram

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  1. Ozone DepletionMeasurements In Souther Patagonia ElianWolfram Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones (LASER RESEARCH CENTER AND APPLICATIONS ) (CITEDEF-CONICET) Buenos Aires - Argentina

  2. Staff of Lidar Division of CEILAP • Dr. Eduardo J. Quel /CITEDEF • Dr. ElianWolfram /CITEDEF-CONICET • Dra. Lidia Otero /CITEDEF -CONICET • Dr. Pablo Ristori /CITEDEF • Ing. Marcelo Raponi/CITEDEF -PhDSdt • Ing. Jacobo Salvador/CITEDEF - PhDStd • Ing. Juan Pallota/CITEDEF /PhDStd • Ing. Ezequiel Pawelko /CITEDEF /PhDStd • Geof. Gabriela Nicora/CITEDEF Fellow • Lic. Facundo Orte/ANCYPT Fellow • Tec. Daniela Bulnes/CITEDEF • Est. Carla Repetto/UTN Fellow • Tec. E. Martorella/CITEDEF • Tec. Raúl D´Elía /CONICET • Ing. J. C. Dworniczak/CITEDEF • Ing. Francisco González/CITEDEF • Tec. Osvaldo Vilar/CITEDEF

  3. Staff of Lidar Division of CEILAP French Partners Peoples involved in Ozone Studies from Argentine Side • Dr. Sophie Godin-Beekman LATMOS/IPSL/CNRS • Dr. FloranceGoutail LATMOS/UVSQ/CNRS • Dr. Andrea Pazmiño LATMOS/UVSQ/CNRS • Ing. Jacques Porteneuve(retired) • Dr. Eduardo J. Quel /CITEDEF • Dr. ElianWolfram/CITEDEF-CONICET • Dra. Lidia Otero /CITEDEF -CONICET • Dr. Pablo Ristori /CITEDEF • Ing. Marcelo Raponi/CITEDEF -PhDSdt • Ing. Jacobo Salvador/CITEDEF - PhDStd • Ing. Juan Pallota/CITEDEF /PhDStd • Ing. Ezequiel Pawelko/CITEDEF /PhDStd • Geof. Gabriela Nicora/CITEDEF Fellow • Lic. Facundo Orte/ANCYPT Fellow • Tec. Daniela Bulnes/CITEDEF • Est. Carla Repetto/UTN Fellow • Tec. E. Martorella/CITEDEF • Tec. Raúl D´Elía/CONICET • Ing. J. C. Dworniczak/CITEDEF • Ing. Francisco González/CITEDEF • Tec. Osvaldo Vilar/CITEDEF

  4. Two Remote Sensing Sites Río Gallegos 51.6º S ; 69.1º W Villa Martelli 34.5º S ; 58.5º W

  5. Río Gallegos Site (CEILAP-RG) Province of Santa Cruz, Argentine Patagonia. Lat: 51º 36’ S, Lon: 69º 19’ W. Military Air Force Base, Río Gallegos - Fuerza Aérea Argentina (FFAA)

  6. Meteorological Data AERONET Sunphotometer Radiometers UV - Visible Ozone DIAL Multi-Wavelength Aerosol Lidar Instrumental Capabilities CEILAP-RG Site SAOZ Brewer

  7. Principle of LIDAR measurement Atmosphere Lidar Signal Altitude Back Scattering signal Ligth Detection And Ranging Backscatter radiation Altitude= ct/2 Aerosol Mie Scattering Rayleigh Scattering Emission (laser) • Our measurements: • Clean Night Condition • 2-3 hs integration time Reception (Telescope)

  8. DIAL SYSTEM Transmitter Lambda Physik LSX 210i Excimer laser (XeCl) Emitted wavelength 308 nm Emitted energy ~200 mJ/pulse (max. 300 mJ/pulse) Repetition rate 30 Hz (max. 100 Hz) Divergence 0.4 mrad • Quantel 980 Nd-YAG Laser • Emitted wavelength 1.06 m, 532 nm,355 nm • Emitted energy ~40 mJ/pulse (max. 130 mJ/pulse) @355 • Repetition rate 30 Hz (max. 30 Hz) • Divergence 0.6 mrad

  9. DIAL SYSTEM Receiver Mechanical Chopper Entrance Slit Fiber Optics

  10. DIAL SYSTEM Spectrometer Holographic Grating 3600 gr/mm Dispersion 0.3 nm/mm Spectral bandwidth 1 nm Transmittance @ 300 nm 40 % 308 nm 387nm 355 nm 347 nm 332 nm

  11. DIAL SYSTEM Detection and Acquisition • 6 PMTs Hamamatsu • Gated photomultipliers for 308, 355 nm • Low dark current, • adapted for photo counting Acquisition • 6 Independent channels processing, • stock of signals • Discriminators 1/channel • High speed counters 300 MHz • 1024 time gates of 1 s (150 m) • Max. count rate 40-60 counts/ s • Chopper yes/not (trigger -> quartz crystal) • On-line visualization: signals, slopes, profile & total O3

  12. Little History of RG Site Events First Ozone Sonde Campaign in Río Gallegos DIAL Ozone Instrument Ready to measure Admission of DIAL Ozone Inst. To NDACC Network Start with UVO3Patagonia Project 2nd Ozone Sonde Campaign Transportation Of Instrument to Rio Gallegos Site Events SOLAR Campaign 2004 Jun 2005 Aug 2005-Dec 2006 Sep 2007 Dec 2008 Mar 2010 Mar 2011 Time

  13. Statistics of Stratospheric Ozone Measurements Ozone DIAL Number of Samples Number of Samples

  14. Admitted on Dec 2008

  15. Lidar-ECC Sonde Comparison Comparison of averaged ozone profiles obtained from 5 quasi coincident ECC sondes (dotted line) and averaged lidar ozone profile (white line). The shadow area correspond to +/- 1s of lidar measurements and horizontal line correspond to +/- 1s of sondes. New differential absorption lidar for stratospheric ozone monitoring in Patagonia, South Argentina E A Wolfram et al 2008 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.10 104021 (7pp)   doi: 10.1088/1464-4258/10/10/104021

  16. Intercomparison Campaign Río Gallegos March 2010 Argentina – Chile collaboration 3 sondes launched in Río Gallegos site, collocated with DIAL during first week of March

  17. IntercomparisonOZITOS Campaign Río Gallegos March 2011 Argentina – Chile collaboration 3 sondes launched during the night in Río Gallegos site, collocated with DIAL during 2nd week of March 2011 OZone profIle aT RíO GallegoS

  18. Validación de SatélitesGOMOS -Rio Gallegos Collocation criteria: Measurements within 800 km and < 24 h Global validation of ENVISAT ozone profiles using lidar measurements J.A.E. Van Gijsel., D.P.J. Swart., J.-L. Baray, H. Claude, T. Fehr, P. Von Der Gathen., S. Godin-Beekmann., G.H. Hansen ., T. Leblanc, I.S. Mcdermid, Y.M. Meijer, H. Nakane, E.J. Quel, W. Steinbrecht, K.B. Strawbridge, B. Tatarov.And E.A. Wolfram. Special Issue on the Montreal Protocol in the International Journal of Remote Sensing 30, (15-16):3987-3994, 2009.

  19. OMI NASA

  20. Time Evolution of Total Ozone in Río Gallegos (2009) Study case 1 (October 3 and 4) Prolonged O3 Reduction Extreme Event (November 2009)

  21. OMI/AURA Study Case 1 of Ozone Hole overpass in RG Site during 2009 Oct 2 2009 Oct 4 2009 Oct 6 2009

  22. Time Evolution of Total Ozone in Río Gallegos (2009) Prolonged O3 Reduction Extreme Event (November 2009)

  23. Study Case 2 Extreme PersistOzone Hole over Río Gallegos 2009 2009 daily evolution of total ozone column for Río Gallegos measured with Brewer 124 spectrophotometer (blue open circles) and SAOZ spectrometer (black open diamonts), and OMI satellite measurement (red line).

  24. UV Increase Produced by Ozone Reduction Total Ozone (DU)

  25. Measurement 34 August September October November December Intensive Measurement Period 2006 Altitude (km) Total Ozone (DU) Ozone Number Density [molec/cm3]

  26. Anomaly Intensive Measurement Period 2006 August September October November December 34 Lidar Measurements ~4 hs average time each one 140 hrs. acquisition ~15 million laser shots

  27. Passive Remote Sensing Instruments Río Gallegos Site Radiometer GUV 541 UV-B Radiometer UV-A Radiometer Pyranometer

  28. UV Index at Río Gallegos Data Level 1.5 Period: August 1, 2005 – October 31 2006

  29. New Capability of Temperature Lidar Profile in RG SiteComparison Lidar with HIRDLS/AURA-NASA ΔS < 500 Km ΔT ± 12 Hs Temperature Profiles With Correction by Aerosols using Lidar Rayleigh Mean ± 1σ dev HIRDLS Temperature Profiles Without Correction by Aerosols using Lidar Rayleigh 1 Km Resolution HIRDLS N = 94 Measurements Error bars are plus and minus 1σ dev

  30. Observatorio Atmosférico de la Patagonia Austral(Atmospheric Observatory of Southern Patagonia) Visit of Cristina Fernandez March 2011, Inauguration MM-Wave Radiometer Nagoya University

  31. Recent Publication –Congress Communications Journals – Proccedings -Global validation of ENVISAT ozone profiles using lidar measurements J.A.E. Van Gijsel., D.P.J. Swart., J.-L. Baray, H. Claude, T. Fehr, P. Von Der Gathen., S. Godin-Beekmann., G.H. Hansen ., T. Leblanc, I.S. Mcdermid, Y.M. Meijer, H. Nakane, E.J. Quel, W. Steinbrecht, K.B. Strawbridge, B. Tatarov.And E.A. Wolfram. Special Issue on the Montreal Protocol in the International Journal of Remote Sensing30, (15-16):3987-3994, 2009. -GOMOS ozone profile validation using ground-based and balloon sonde measurements J. A. E. van Gijsel, D. P. J. Swart, J.-L. Baray, H. Bencherif, H. Claude, T. Fehr, S. Godin-Beekmann, G. H. Hansen, P. Keckhut, T. Leblanc, I. S. McDermid, Y. J. Meijer, H. Nakane, E. J. Quel, K. Stebel, W. Steinbrecht, K. B. Strawbridge, B. I. Tatarov, and E. A. Wolfram Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 8515–8551, 2010. www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/8515/2010/ Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Received: 31 January 2010 – Accepted: 21 March 2010 – Published: 1 April 2010 -Extreme sunbathing: Three weeks of small total O3 columns and high UV radiation over the southern tip of South America during the 2009 Antarctic O3 hole season de Laat, A. T. J., R. J. van der A, M. A. F. Allaart, M. van Weele, G. C. Benitez, C. Casiccia, N. M. Paes Leme, E. Quel, J. Salvador, and E. Wolfram (2010), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14805, doi:10.1029/2010GL043699 -Climatology Of Stratospheric Ozone Profiles In Río Gallegos, Argentina Wolfram, Elian; Salvador, Jacobo; D´Elía, Raúl; Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Quel, Eduardo. Proceedings Of The 25th International Laser Radar Conference (Ilrc 2010), Vol.Ii, Pp.995-998. -Rayleigh lidar temperature profiles between 15-60 km during SOLAR campaign in Río Gallegos (51º55´s, 69º14´w), Argentina: methodology and results Salvador, Jacobo; Wolfram, Elian; D´Elía, Raúl; Godin-Beekman, Sophie; Quel, Eduardo. Proceedings of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2010), Vol.II, pp.999-1002

  32. Argentina-France Collaboration in Ozone Topics • -Container (2002) • -Electronic (2003) • -Construction • - Inversion Algorithm • - SAOZ instrument (2008) • -Data Interpretation • Use of MIMOSA and • MIMOSA-CHIM Models • -PICS project • UVO3Clim- Patagonie (2009-2011)

  33. Summary • The Atmospheric Observatory of Southern Patagonia is operative • In December 2008, the Ozone DIAL joined to NDACC. Also in September 2009, SAOZ radiometer was admitted as NDACC instrument • During days with vortex proximity, strong reductions of vertical ozone number density were observed. Depletions of 40 - 50% were measured in vertical profiles associated to ozone hole • The preliminary analysis of ozone profiles show that the biggest impact of polar vortex over vertical ozone distribution in Río Gallegos is in the middle stratosphere, between 23-33 km

  34. Outlook • Study of stratospheric ozone depletion in the context of ozone recovery and climate change: • Statistical analysis of temporal evolution of vortex overpasses over Southern Argentina in relation with climate indices and impact on UV radiation • Evaluation of satellite observations using ozone vertical distribution measurements (lidar) and total ozone measurements (SAOZ, Brewer) • Evaluation of Chemistry Transport Model long term simulations (e.g. Reprobus and SLIMCAT models) and Chemistry Climate Model simulations (CCMVAL II results) with respect to observations and statistical analyses. • Collaboration with teams working on Antarctic surface climate??

  35. Acknowledgements • JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) • Lidar Division Team • NIES (Japan) • LATMOS-IPSL/CNRS and French Team

  36. Gracias Thanks ewolfram@citedef.gov.ar ewolfram@gmail.com www.division-lidar.com.ar www.uvo3patagonia.com.ar

  37. CEILAP Lidar Division’s Capabilities LIDAR Instrument Development Water Vapor Stratospheric Ozone Atmospheric Aerosols Gases Measurement Monitoring of Atmospheric Phenomena and Pollution Monitoring of trace gases -Mean Latitudes Ozone Reduction -Ozone Hole Measurements • Urban Pollution • Biomass Burning • Volcanic Ash • SOLAR Campaign • UVO3Patagonia Project Passive Remote Sensing • UV-Vis Radiation Measurements • Aerosol Optical Thickness (AERONET) • Total Columns of O3 y NO2 (SAOZ) Use of Laser as radiation source of remote sensing instruments

  38. Summary • The stronger impact of ozone hole in surface UV radiation was observed during ozone hole dilution • Also, overpass of poor ozone air masses over Rio Gallegos have high impact on UVI during summer • Cloud cover modulate strongly the surface UV radiation, producing attenuation of 50% and increment of 20% in UVI (cloud border)

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