Europe

1. Western, Northern, Eastern, Southern Europe

2. Europe

3. European Music • European music includes a vast variety of styles, genres, and instrumentation • Europe, for our purposes, is going to be divided into four regions: • Western: France, Portugal, Spain • Northern: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Sweden • Eastern: Austria, Czech Republic, Russia • Southern: Greece, Italy

4. Western Europe

5. Portugal • Portuguese music was influenced by music from Ancient Rome's musical tradition brought into the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans and the rich artistic Europen tradition. • Portugal is internationally known in the music scene for its traditions of fado. Fado songs are typically lyrically harsh, with the singer resigned to sadness, poverty and loneliness, but remaining dignified and firmly controlled.

6. Portugal • Popular music: • Pimba • Música de Intervenção • Romantic • Latin (90s) • Modern music: • African • Jazz • Reggae/Ska • Zouk • Rock • Metal • Electronic • Indie

7. Spain • In Spain, several very different cultural streams came together in the first centuries of the Christian era: • the Roman culture, which was dominant for several hundred years, and which brought with it the music and ideas of Ancient Greece • early Christians, who had their own version of the Roman Rite • the Visigoths, an North Germanic tribe who overran the Iberian peninsula in the 5th century • Jews of the diaspora • eventually the Moors and Arabs • Determining exactly the various influences is, after more than two thousand years of internal and external influences and developments, impossible but the result has been a large number of unique musical traditions.

8. Spain • Spanish classical music was very influential during the Renaissance and Baroque music eras. Classical music declined through the 17th to 19th centuries. • Spain is well known for flamenco, which comes out of Andalusia • Jota, a popular folk music throughout Spain, is performed by the castanets, guitar, bandurria, tambourines, and sometimes the flute • The fandango, which can not be derived from a single location, is popular across Spain

9. Spain • During the 1960s and early 1970s, tourism had a huge increase, bringing yet more musical styles from the rest of the continent and abroad. However, it wasn't until the 1980s that Spain's pop music industry began to take off (and this guy). • During this time a cultural reawakening known as La MovidaMadrileña produced an explosion of new art, film and music that continues to this day. • Contemporary Spanish pop is as risky and cutting-edge as any scene in the world, and encompasses everything from shiny electronica and Eurodisco, to homegrown blues, rock, punk, ska, reggae and hip-hop to name a few. • From the English pop-refrain words "yeah-yeah", ye-yé (first) was a French-coined term which Spanish language appropriated to refer to uptempo, "spirit lifting" pop music. • Artists like Enrique Iglesias and Alejandro Sanz have become successful internationally

10. France • French music dates back to the 10th century, and the troubadour songs of chivalry and love were very popular through the 13th century • Motets, a very popular classical style throughout Europe, began in France • Jean-BaptisteLully, who had become well known for composing ballets for Louis XIV, began creating a French version of the Italian opera seria, a kind of tragic opera known as tragédielyrique or tragédie en musique • The French composer, Georges Bizet, composed Carmen, one of the most well known and popular operas

11. France • In the late 19th century, pioneers like Georges Bizet, Gabriel Fauré, Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy revitalized French music. The last two had an enormous impact on 20th century music, both in France and abroad, and influenced many major composers likeBélaBartók and Igor Stravinsky • Folk music- French Waltz, bouree, hurdy gurdy, Corsica, Brittany, French Caribbean

12. France- Popular music • Chanson Française- classic, new • Rock and roll • Rock • Metal • French house • Rap • Rai • And then there’s this… • And this…

13. Northern Europe

14. Ireland • The indigenous music of the island is termed Irish traditional music. It has remained vibrant through the 20th, and into the 21st century. • In spite of emigration and a well-developed connection to music influences from Britain and the United States, Irish music has kept many of its traditional aspects and has itself influenced many forms of music, such as country and roots music in the USA.

15. Ireland • Irish traditional music includes many kinds of songs, including drinking songs, ballads, and laments, sung unaccompanied or with accompaniment by a variety of instruments. • Traditional dance music includes reels, hornpipes, and jigs. The polka arrived at the start of the nineteenth century, spread by itinerant dancing masters and mercenary soldiers, returning from Europe. • Later imported dance-signatures include the mazurka and the highlands.  • In the nineteenth century folk instruments would have included the flute the fiddle and the uilleann pipes.

16. Ireland- Popular music • Irish showbands • Country & Irish • Fusion • Pop • Rock • U2 • Enya • Van Morrison • The Cranberries • Westlife

17. Belgium • The music of Belgium is a cultural crossroads where Flemish Dutch-speaking and Walloon French-speaking traditions mix with those of German minorities and of immigrant communities from Democratic Republic of the Congo and other distant countries.

18. Belgium • Classical • Opera • Blues • Jazz • Folk • Chanson • Hip hop • Pop • Rock • Metal • Electronic • African • And this happened….

19. Germany • The beginning of what is now considered German music could be traced back to the 12th century compositions of mystic abbess Hildegard of Bingen, who wrote a variety of hymns and other kinds of Christian music. • Germans have played a leading role in the development of classical music. Many of the best classical musicians such as Bach, Handel, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Wagner, Mahler, or Schoenberg were German

20. Germany • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Die Zauberflöte (1791) is usually said to be the beginning of German-language opera, which was further advanced by composers like Ludwig van Beethoven • When the Nazis came to power in Germany during the 1930s, many musicians fled the country. Following the war, German composers began experimenting electronic sounds in classical music.

21. Germany- Folk • Oom-pah (brass bands & beer) • Bavarian • Swabian • Schlager • Liedermacher

22. Germany- Popular • Rock • Metal- Goth, Medieval • Neue Deutsche Welle(NDW) • Hamburger Schule • Ostrock • Rap • Electronic & Techno • Jazz

23. Norway • Before 1840, there were limited written sources of folk music in Norway. Originally these historical attainments were believed to have a distinct Christian influence. As research continued, there was also mythical and fairy tale connections to the folk music. Overall the purpose of folk music was for entertainment and dancing. • Norwegian folk music may be divided into two categories: instrumental (dance) and vocal.

24. Norway • After World War II, Norwegian music began moving in a new direction, away from the Nordic and Germanic ideals of the past, and towards a more international, especially American, British and French, style • Much of the Norwegian public did not appreciate the new direction these avant-garde composers were moving in, which helped to fuel a conservative backlash

25. Norway