1 / 19

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Alkenes C=C double bonds

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Alkenes C=C double bonds Alkynes C ≡C triple bonds Aromatics benzene rings. Naming Alkenes Step 1: Name the longest chain that contains the C=C bond. Use the IUPAC root and the –ene ending.

garren
Download Presentation

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Alkenes C=C double bonds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Alkenes C=C double bonds Alkynes C≡C triple bonds Aromatics benzene rings

  2. Naming Alkenes Step 1: Name the longest chain that contains the C=C bond. Use the IUPAC root and the –ene ending. Step 2: Number the longest chain so the C=C bond gets the lowest number possible. Step 3: Designate the C=C bond in the name with the lowest-numbered carbon.

  3. Examples: 1 2 3 4 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 2-butene 6 5 4 3 2 1 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH3 2-hexene

  4. Naming Alkenes, cont. Step 4: Locate and name attached groups. Step 5: Combine all the names as you did with alkanes.

  5. Because there is no free rotation about the C=C bond, geometric isomerism is possible. TRANS CIS

  6. Alkynes Ethyne (commonly called acetylene) is the simplest alkyne and is used as a fuel for torches and in making plastics.

  7. Alkynes are named in exactly the same ways as alkenes, except the ending –yne is used. Examples:

  8. Alkene Reactions Alkenes are quite chemically reactive Many reactions are addition reactions:

  9. Alkene Reactions, cont. Hydrogenation (addition) reactions can occur in the presence of a catalyst (Pt, Pd, or Ni). The hydrogenation of vegetable oils is an important commercial process.

  10. Alkene Reactions, cont. Unsymmetrical alkene addition reactions follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that when a molecule of H-X adds to an alkene, the H predominantly attaches to the carbon already bonded to the most hydrogens. “The rich get richer.”

  11. H2SO4 CH3 CH =CH2 + H20 —>CH3 – CH – CH3 | OH Alkene Reactions, cont. Hydration (addition of water) reactions follow Markovnikov’s rule: This reaction requires an acid catalyst.

  12. Alkene Reactions, cont. Addition polymerization – addition reaction between double bonded compounds.

  13. Polymerization Polymers – long chain products made up of repeating units. Monomer – the starting material that becomes the repeating units of a polymer.

  14. Benzene Aromatic compounds contain the benzene ring.

  15. This gives rise to two possible benzene structures: Which are better represented by: Note: that there is only 1 available bonding site on each carbon atom!

  16. In benzene, the six p orbital bonding electrons of the sp2 hybridized carbon atoms can move freely around the ring. A hybrid orbital view of the benzene structure:

More Related