Communications Operating Concept & Requirements (COCR)

1. Communications Operating Concept & Requirements (COCR) ICAO Aeronautical Communications Panel Working Group of the Whole Montreal, Canada June 27, 2005 Gregg Anderson ATO Technical Operations ATC Communications Services F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

2. Historical • Combined Team of Operational & Technical experts established between FAA/EUROCONTROL May 2004. • Two phased approach supporting AP-17. • Develop Initial COCR to support Technology Pre-Screening & Down Select. Completed 12/04. • Literature search for 2015 – 2030 Operating Concepts • Understand/Define/Describe Services • Establish Traffic Characteristics & Loading • Internal FAA/EUROCONTROL Study Team review • Public Release April 2005, presented to ACP WG-C & N • Develop Final COCR to support Technology Selection. Scheduled completion 12/05. • Continue refinement of Initial COCR • Increase validity of requirements by modeling • Conduct Safety, Security, Performance Analysis • Identify Missing Needs e.g. SWIM, Net Centric Ops, JPDO, New AOC services??? • Continuously collaborate with Technology Assessment Team. F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

3. COCR Content Overview • Operational Concepts described as Phases 1 & 2. • Phase 1 begins in ~2015. • Evolution of communications services from voice to data. Operations begin the “paradigm shift” from “Management by Intervention” to “Management by Planning & Intervention by Exception”. • Phase 2 takes over through ~2030. • Evolution of communications services to support 4-D Trajectory Based ATM with Autonomous Operations in designated airspace. • ATM is Monitor, vs. Controller. • Net Centric Operations allow air-ground flow of system wide information. F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

4. COCR Content Overview (con’t) • Through Phase 1, services are scattered in various regional specific implementations. • Learning & equipping with beginnings of Trajectory Based ATM & limited establishment of Autonomous Operations airspace. Many data services supplant voice communications. • For Phase 2, Trajectory Based & Autonomous Operations become the norm in designated airspace. • Many voice replication services traded off for 4-D Trajectories via COTRAC. Phase 1 data services maintained for less capable aircraft. • Trajectory Based Ops likely require “auto-execute” aircraft functions. • In order to support Autonomous Operations, aircraft will require on-board conflict detection, Air-Air interrogation, & resolution capability. • Controllers are more Monitors vs. controllers. • Traffic is 2.5 to 3x today, but model forecasts indicate increase is spread over less dense periods & secondary airports. • Includes “micro-jets” & UAV’s / ROV’s. • Assumed to be just another aircraft for ATC purposes. • Is the spread of traffic a true representation??? F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

5. COCR Content Overview (con’t) • 34 ATS Services (includes ATC, FIS, ADS-B, Air-Air). • Well understood except in SWIM world. • 21 AOC Services. • Growth in AOC NOT well understood. • For each domain: • Use of services provided by ATS and AOC as flight progresses across domains. • Estimates of the percentage of aircraft equipped for data link, and the relative percentage of voice and data link communications. • Peak Instantaneous Aircraft Counts (PIAC) for high density and low density for each airspace type. F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

6. COCR Content Overview (con’t) • Two types of airspace exist in Phase 2: • Unmanaged Airspace:VFR uncontrolled airspace/airportsincluded in this category. • Managed Airspace: • Traditional ATC, trajectory based ops, & instances of self separation & sequencing for limited duration • NEW: Autonomous airspace w/control exhibited upon entry/exit but, while in it user on own for conflict detection & resolution. Managed N or K Autonomous Operations Autonomous Operations Free Route Free Route Managed Managed Managed Route Based Operations N or K Managed Managed Unmanaged U U U U Unmanaged F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

7. ATS Services Voice or Data ACM, ACL, ARMAND, DCL, D-TAXI, DSC, D-FLUP, D-ATIS, D-OTIS, D-ORIS, D-RVR, D-SIGMET, D-FLUP, SAP Data Only AMC, COTRAC, DLL, DYNAV, D-ALERT, D-SIG, FLIPCY, FLIPINT, PPD, URCO Surveillance ADS-B, ADS-C, TIS-B which support: ATC Surveillance, Airborne Situational Awareness, Enhanced Visual Acquisition, S&M, ITP, C&P Air-Air for Autonomous Ops AOC Services OOOI, Free Text, WX Request, NOTAM’s, Position Report, Flight Status, Fuel Status, Gate & Connecting Flight Info, Engine Performance Report, Maintenance Troubleshooting, Flight Plan Request/Response, Load Sheet Request, Flight Log Transfer, Real Time Maintenance, Graphical WX, Real Time WX Report, On-Line Technical Troubleshooting, Technical Logbook Update, Electronic Library Update, Software Loading, Cabin Logbook Transfer COCR Services F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

8. PIAC’s in Phase 1 Airport = 200/12 Vehicles on = 32/4 Airport Terminal = 14/11 En Route = 29/25 Oceanic & = 10/5 Remote PIAC’s in Phase 2 Airport = 290/19 Vehicles on = 32/8 Airport Terminal = 19/14 En Route = 31/30 Oceanic & = 17/9 Remote COCR Peak Instantaneous Aircraft Counts (PIAC) • Note: Number on left of “/” is high density, on right is low density. Both numbers are based on Sector Configurations as we know them today. F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

9. Aircraft Equipage Estimates and Voice Communication Reduction Note: Equipage Estimates mean Aircraft is equipped with Digitally Capable Avionics, not necessarily applications to conduct COCR Services 100% 100% 80% 80% 60% 60% Voice Comm. = Lines Aircraft Equipage = Bar 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% Phase 1 Phase 2 Airport/TMA/En Route Oceanic/Remote Airport/TMA En Route Oceanic/Remote F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

10. COCR Summary • Concepts & Services agreed except for timing. • Evolving some services, safety, security & performance requirements. • Difference between beginning of Phase 1 & end of Phase 2 • Voice supplanted by data as primary communications method. • Operations in Managed Airspace primarily consists of Autonomous & Trajectory Based operations. • Requires support by automation/communications tools both Air & Ground. • Operations transition from “Management by Intervention” to “Management by Planning & Intervention by Exception”. • Human’s become Monitor’s, ATM cannot be done by voice alone. • Recovery in the event of communications failure is questionable via voice. • Coordination of document outside of FAA/EUROCONTROL team to proceed through ICAO ACP & other appropriate operational bodies to assess global applicability. F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N • A I R T R A F F I C O R G A N I Z A T I O N

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