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Essential Question :

Essential Question : What are the differences among the Chesapeake, New England, Middle, & Southern colonies? CPUSH Agenda for Unit 1.3 : Clicker questions “Compare the British Colonies” notes Today’s HW: 2.3 Unit 1 Test: Friday, August 17. America: Story of Us Jamestown .

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Essential Question :

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  1. Essential Question: • What are the differences among the Chesapeake, New England, Middle, & Southern colonies? • CPUSH Agenda for Unit 1.3: • Clicker questions • “Compare the British Colonies” notes • Today’s HW: 2.3 • Unit 1 Test: Friday, August 17

  2. America: Story of Us Jamestown

  3. In 1607, settlers founded Jamestownthe first permanent British colony in America along the Chesapeake Bay in present-day Virginia Quick discussion:How did the settlers gain rights and money to create a colony? Jamestown was founded by British entrepreneurs of a joint-stock company called the Virginia Company In 1606, Virginia Company investors gained a charter from the king, recruited settlers, and sent them to America in search of gold

  4. Settlers built a fort, but struggled to survive in their first years in America Settlers arrived looking for gold so they did not prepare to stay long in America; They did not plant crops & faced starvation John Smith took control & forced settlers to farm “He who will not work, will not eat”

  5. Jamestown was located on a swamp & led to outbreaks of disease among colonists Jamestown was located in territory controlled by the Powhatan Indians who attacked the settlement

  6. After the Jamestown colonists failed to find gold, the joint-stock investors demanded that colonists find a way to make money In 1612, John Rolfe introduced tobacco in Jamestown which was popular in Europe & made investors money

  7. Tobacco was so profitable that colonists planted more, built large plantations, & expanded into new farm lands Due to the success of tobacco, the Jamestown settlement expanded into the Virginia colony Label on your map: Virginia & write why the colony was founded

  8. Quick discussion: How did Jamestown settlersfind enough workers to plant, harvest, and package large amounts of tobacco?

  9. Tobacco created a need for field laborers to plant & pick the tobacco To meet the demand for workers, landowners in Virginia used indentured servants from England Indentured servants were typically poor men or women who agreed to work for a land owner for 4 to 7 years in exchange for their travel to America

  10. In 1618, Virginia introduced the Headright System which gave 50 acres to anyone who brought an indentured servant to America The large population of poor people in Britain led thousands of people to immigrating as indentured servantsby1700 Indentured servants were worked hard, treated badly, & many died before their contractsended

  11. In addition to indentured servants, Virginia landowners also used African slaveswho were first brought to Jamestown in 1619 In the mid-1600s, fewer indentured servants came to America as the British economy improved; As a result, African slavery replaced indentured servitude as the dominant labor system in Virginia

  12. African slaves were transported from Africa to America on slave ships across the “Middle Passage”

  13. The “Coffin” Position Used Below Desk African Captives Being Thrown Overboard Slave auction upon arrival in America

  14. Quick discussion: As the Virginia colony grew, it needed government. What do you think the colonial government looked like? Who had power?

  15. Virginia colonists needed laws to maintain order but the British government was thousands of miles across the Atlantic Ocean In 1619, Virginians formed the House of Burgesses which was the first legislative assembly in America Virginia was a royal colony so it had a governor chosen by the king, but the House of Burgesses made the important decisions regarding taxes & laws

  16. Even though the leaders of the House of Burgesses were elected, they were rich planters who did not always represent the poor farmers of the colony Former indentured servants in western Virginia suffered from low tobacco prices & frequent Indian attacks Poor farmers, led by Nathaniel Bacon, blamed Virginia’s governor for not protecting them & started a rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion proved to rich Virginians that slaves were better than indentured servants because slaves would never ask for land

  17. Closure Activity Why would an indentured servant sell himself into bondage? (Understanding Economics in U.S. History, Lesson 5)

  18. Essential Question: • What are the differences among the Chesapeake, New England, Middle, & Southern colonies? • CPUSH Agenda for Unit 1.4: • Clicker questions • “Compare the British Colonies” notes • Today’s HW: 2.4 • Unit 1 Test: Friday, August 17

  19. New England

  20. The colonists who first settled in New England came for religious reasons Religious disagreementsin Britain led to divisions in the Anglican Church

  21. Puritans believed in the Calvinist idea of predestination & tried to live strictly “Christian” lives without sin PuritansbelievedthattheAnglican Church compromise too far by allowing some Catholic rituals

  22. Some radical Puritans were known as Separatists because they unwilling to wait for church reforms

  23. The Separatists became “Pilgrims” when they formed a joint-stock company, gained a charter, & created the Plymouth colony in America

  24. Before landing in America, the Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact agreeing to work together as a “civil body politick”… …The Mayflower Compact was the first example of self-government in America

  25. When the Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620, they faced disease & hunger …and celebrated the first Thanksgiving to honor the local Indians The Pilgrims received help from local natives like Squanto & Massasoit…

  26. When the Separatist Pilgrims came to America, the Puritans remained within the Church of England But when the Catholic King Charles I came to power, Puritans felt the time was right to leave Britain In 1630, Puritans arrived in Boston & created the New England colony of Massachusetts

  27. From 1630 to 1640, Puritan leader John Winthrop led 16,000 Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay colony as part of the “Great Migration” • John Winthrop wanted to build Boston as a “city on a hill” to be a model to other Christians

  28. Quick discussion: Based on these images, how were the New England colonies different from Virginia?

  29. Massachusetts was a different colony from Virginia: Puritans came to America for religious freedom Puritan settlers usually came as families Settlers sacrificed for the common good, built schools, & focused on subsistence farming New England was a more healthy place to live than Virginia so colonists lived longer

  30. Government in in the New England colonies centered on the church through town meetings Each New England town was independently governed by local church members All adult male church members were allowed to vote for local laws & taxes

  31. As the Massachusetts colony grew, it spawned four new colonies: New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New Haven, & Connecticut Connecticut was important for creating the first written constitution in U.S. history called The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

  32. As the New England colonies expanded into new lands, conflicts with Indians arose The Pequot War in 1637 was the 1st major British-led attack on Indians & led to the death of 600 Indians

  33. King Philip’s War broke out in 1675 when the Wampanoag Indians raided towns, killing 10% of the colonial New England men

  34. What might have caused the hysteria shown in this image?

  35. New England Puritans did not like ideas that differed from their own beliefs RogerWilliams was banished from Massachusetts for demanding that Indians be paid for their land; He formed Rhode Island in 1636 Anne Hutchinson was banished for challenging Puritan authority

  36. By the 1660s, many New England towns experienced a drop-off in church membership Churches responded with the Halfway Covenant which gave full church membership to people who had not had a “conversion experience” This compromise brought people back to the church, but showed the declining importance of religion in New England

  37. Religion played a role in the Salem witchcraft trials in 1692 when several young girls accused people of being witches The hysteria was caused by tensions over land ownership, Indian attacks, & religious disagreements As a result of the trials, 19 people were killed & 150 citizens were jailed

  38. Label on map: (a) Plymouth (b) Massachusetts (c) Rhode Island (d) Connecticut (e) New Hampshire (f) Group and label the five New England colonies (g) Label why the New England colonies were founded

  39. Compare the Chesapeake & New England colonies by creating a cartoon sketch of each region.Cartoons should include references to (a) government, (b) daily life, (c) economicsCartoons should include (a) dialogue or captions, (b) labels to show references, (c) background Dialogue Label

  40. The Middle &Lower South Colonies

  41. The 1st “middle” colony was New Netherland created by the Dutch West India Company To attract settlers, the DutchrecruitedSwedes, Germans, & Africans; New Netherland became very diverse Britain did not like the Dutch a colony between their Chesapeake & New England colonies In 1664, Britain seized the Dutch colony from Governor Stuyvesant & renamed it New York Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant resisted Britain’s takeover of New Netherlands but could not get the colonists to assist him

  42. In what ways might Pennsylvania be different from other British colonies?

  43. One of the most important middle colonieswasPennsylvania which was founded by William Penn in 1681

  44. Penn was a member of a religious sect called Quakers who believed in the “Inner Light,” all people are equal, & that people can communicate directly with God

  45. Penn founded his colony as a “holy experiment” to promote religious toleration He bought land from the Indians, banned slavery, & allowed a diverse population to move there

  46. The middle colonies had two of the best ports for trade in America: Philadelphia & New York

  47. The image below is from the “Lower South” colony of South Carolina. Which other colony might it be similar to? Why?

  48. The Lower South colonies were the last British colonies to be formed The Carolinas & Georgia developed like Virginia withacashcropeconomy, slavery, & gaps between rich & poor colonists Georgia was created by James Oglethorpe as a buffer colony between Carolina & Spanish Florida & was populated by Britishdebtors&prisoners

  49. Colonies like Barbados & Jamaica were profitable, producing sugar for Britain In addition to the 13 colonies, Britain had colonies in the Caribbean

  50. Label on map: (a) New York (b) Pennsylvania (c) North Carolina(d) South Carolina (e) Georgia (f) Group and label the Middle & Southern colonies (g) Label why these colonies were founded

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