Period 2

1. Introduction Period 2

2. Connecting Periods 1 & 2 • Even w/ their indiv. faults there was no turning back from the First Civ. • In the approx. 1000 years between 500 BCE & 500 CE new or enlarged urban centered and state based societies emerged to replace the First Civ. • This “second wave” will eventually collapse • “Third wave” will emerge 500 to 1500 CE

3. Strayer and Period 2 • It’s not always about empires • This section of the book will occas. point out cont. historical dev. of gathering and hunting peoples, agr. cultural societies based around kinship principles and village life, emerging chiefdoms, & pastoral peoples.

4. What changed? • Not much

5. What didn’t change? • Monarch cont. to rule • Men dominate women • Sharp divide b/w elite & everyone else • Practice of slavery • No technological or economic breakthrough

6. Zoom Lens • Significant changes did occur, but they didn’t result in major transformations (hence our earlier answer). • But if we look closely we can see some minor changes.

7. Some of these changes: • Population grew • Growing size of states or empires • Impt. innovations • The most impt. perhaps – philosophical and religious systems • Modest innovations increased human ability to manipulate environment • Emergence of much more elaborate, widespread and dense networks of communication and exchange that connected people • Long distance trade routes = transregional interaction = cultural diffusion

8. Name It • “classical era” • Tend to highlight the enduring traditions that cont. into modern times • Religion • Current country/civilization identities link to this era • Ch 4-6 focus on the Eurasian peoples • Ch 7 looks at Africa & Americas – do their histories during the classical era parallel Eurasian patterns or do they explore alternative possibilities?