Unit Three

1. Unit Three

2. Teaching Objectives • Enlarge vocabulary • Talk about social welfare system briefly • Understand figurative language • Learn to write with supporting examples

3. Sections Section A Longing for a New Welfare System Section B A Blind Man Helped Me See the Beautiful World

4. Section A • Longing for a New Welfare system

5. Table of Contents 1.Background Information 2.Warming-up Activities 3.Text Analysis 4.Vocabulary and Structure 5.Vocabulary Tests 6.Translation & Writing

6. Background Information Social Welfare (1) Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare”, provide cash or in-kind benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social. Security that provides benefits or assistance for child care, disability, food and medical assistance (also known as medicaid). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance.

7. Social Welfare (2) U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditure and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states—and, in some cases, on the larger cities.

8. Social Welfare (3) The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state. An example of the state welfare system can be seen at http://www.state.tn.us under the Health and Social Programs section.     Social welfare is an integrated part of a country’s social policy.For the discussion on this topic, check out the website http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction.

9. Warming-up Activities Comprehension of the Text 1. What does the author mean by saying “A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it”? 2. How has the author chosen to live as a welfare client? 3. What do caseworkers really expect welfare clients to do? 4. What is the author’s attitude towards caseworkers?

10. Comprehension of the Text 5. Why is the welfare system to blame, according to the author? 6. How could the author possibly get his wheelchair repaired at last? 7. What does the author think of the current welfare system? 8. What kind of new welfare system does the author dream of?

11. Referencefor Comprehension Questions 1. He means that a welfare client is believed to lie to get a little extra welfare money and those caseworkers know it well. 2. He has chosen to live an honest life by drumming up some business outside and drawing cartoons for magazines. 3. They know clearly that they are being made fools of by some of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. 4. He doesn’t think those caseworkers are to blame so he isn’t being bitter.

12. Reference for Comprehension Questions 5. Because he believes it practically requires people to lie . 6. He had to call a caseworker. After giving a little lecture, went through a series of procedures before he could get it repaired. 7. The system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. 8. He dreams of a new system that will encourage the clients and help them to develop their talents, rather than seek to convict them of cheating.

13. Text analysis Text main idea The passage explores the problems of the present welfare system first and then expresses the desire to have a new system. According to the author, a disabled person with spinal cord injuries, he is forced to account for every penny while enduring lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he longs for a new system under which the disabled like him can earn part or all of their own livings.

14. Text Structure Part II Part III Part I Para 15-17: Suggestions to improve the present welfare system Para1-3: General images of welfare clients and caseworkers. Para 4-14: Problems with the present welfare system

15. Main idea for Part I This part is about how people concerned behave under the present welfare system: Clients cheat the system for more money while caseworkers, like detectives, expect the clients to bow down to them and beg.

16. Developing technique (1) Deduction (演绎法) A general statement: I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. (Para. 2) 1. I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. 2. I even tell welfare how much I make! 3. If I want to get paid under the table, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation.

17. Main idea for Part II Several events are narrated to illustrate the problems with the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers try to find anything unreported, welfare clients have difficulties in obtaining help, and the law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare.

18. Developing technique (2) Narration is used throughout the whole part to tell the events as examples. For instance, the account of the first event goes from Para. 4 to Para. 8, with specific characters—Suzanne and I, time—not long after Christmas last year, and location—my apartment.. Narration (叙事法)

19. Main idea for Part III A lawyer is needed to act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients. Besides, the author wishes that the government would help clients earn part or all of their livings. And, a new system is desired to encourage them, rather than seek to convict them of cheating.

20. Developing technique (3) Exemplification (例证法) Argument: There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Example: Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.

21. Vocabulary and Structure words & phrases patterns • bleed • pension • opt (to) • drum up • to lend oneself to • profile • make fools of • account for • sb. is supposed to do sth. • sb. is entitled to do sth. • sb’s being adj. • There needs…

22. 1.bleed:榨取，流血 words & phrases 活学活用 西方正在通过债务榨干贫穷国家的财富。 The west is bleeding poorer countries dry through interest payments on their debts.

23. 2.pension: 退休金，养老金 活学活用 她去邮局每月领取退休金。 She went to the post office to draw her pension every month.

24. 3. opt to: 选择 他毕业后选择上大学读学位，而不是直接工作。 活学活用 When he left school, he opted to go to college and study for a degree, rather than getting job straightly away.

25. 4. drum up: 招徕生意 这家百货商店为努力招徕生意而将许多商品减价出售。 活学活用 The department store is offering reduction on many types of merchandise, in an effort to drum up business.

26. 5. to lend oneself to :适合 这是一种适合任何规模较大的地区性综合医院体系。 活学活用 It is a system that would lend itself to district general hospital of any size.

27. 6. profile:形象，档案 活学活用 我们建立起关于顾客及其要求的档案。 We first built up a detailed profile of our customers and their requirement .

28. 7. make a fool/fools of: 欺骗，捉弄 活学活用 你的兄弟在欺骗你。 Your brother is making a fool of you.

29. 8. account for: 解释 活学活用 他解释说那些不见的东西丢了，但后来有找到了。 He accounted for the missing items as lost but found them later.

30. 1. sb. is supposed to do sth.:应该做某事 patterns 活学活用 如果你要离开教室，得跟老师说。 You are supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the room.

31. 2. sb. is entitled to do sth.:有权利/资格享受 活学活用 你到65岁时可以享受养老金。 You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65.

32. 3. sb’s being adj.: 故意很…… 活学活用 我已经很仔细了。 I was being very careful.

33. 4. there needs ….需要 活学活用 需要将成绩报告家长。 There needs to report the scores to the parents.

34. Vocabulary Tests Test I Test II

35. Test I (1) Choose the best answer to each question. 1. We have had to raise our prices because of the increase in the cost of ____ materials. A) primitive B) rough C) original D) raw 2. The social security system provides ____ for retired citizens. A) wages B) pensions C) profits D) rewards

36. Test I (2) 3. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are ____ free medical care. A) entitled to B) involved in C) associated with D) assigned to 4. Although she was not very rich, she was quite ____ with her money. A) noble B) flexible C) liberal D) liable

37. Test I (3) 5. He received a letter of thanks for his ____ of books to the Shakespeare library. A) publication B) donation C) acquisition D) quotation 6. The bus ran over the cliff because its ____ failed. A) brakes B) controls C) gears D) signals

38. Test I (4) 7. Not long ago, a government official whom I know very well was ____ a bribery. A) related to B) involved in C) included in D) subjected to 8. They put in the highest ____ for the house. A) currency B) proposal C) bid D) purchase

39. Test I (5) 9. A good hunting dog is ____ to every sound and movement in the field. A) alert B) aware C) cautious D) nervous 10. Only the most sophisticated theories of modern physics can ____ this phenomenon. A) account for B) count on C) account of D) count for

40. Test II (1) Fill in the blanks with the phrases or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. convict of drum up break down result in account for build up go through face with yield to pay for 1. We all _______ our mistakes in some way at some time. 2. It took her ten years to _______ her publishing business.

41. Test II (2) convict of drum up break down result in account for build up go through face with yield to pay for 3. we’ll have to _______ more enthusiasm. 4. I find it very difficult to _______ the fact that two of our best students failed the exam. 5. If we want to reduce population, we are _______ some difficult choices. 6. More attention to road safety can _______ a decrease in road accidents.

42. Test II (3) convict of drum up break down result in account for build up go through face with yield to pay for 7. I admire her because she’s still so cheerful after all that she’s _______. 8. The peace takes_______ without any agreement being reached. 9. All four men were _______ illegally bringing drugs into the country. 10. “We will not _______ pressure,” said the president.

43. Key to Testing Keys to test I 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9.A 10. A Keys to test II 1. pay for 2. build up 3. drum up 4. account for 5. faced with 6. result in 7. gone through 8. broke down 9. convicted of 10. yield to

44. Translation (1) 1. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. 欺骗 有权 社会工作者心底里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象点头哈腰。

45. Translation (2) 2. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. 惹麻烦 抵抗不住 但即使我抵抗不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不愿给自己惹麻烦。

46. Translation (3) 3. There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. 没有明确规定 逐渐脱离 如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。

47. Translation (4) 4. There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. 捍卫 容易使 我们需要一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用权力，也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。

48. Writing 2002.1　四级考试作文及范文 A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus 1. 饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等。 2. 提出表扬或建议。

49. Sample Writing（1） A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus January 12th,2002 Dear Mr. President, I’m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I’m afraid I’m not contend with the canteen service on campus.

50. Sample Writing（2） Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety. Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with mot only delicious bur also cheaper food.