1 / 17

Morphology

This text provides an introduction to morphology, the study of words, their formation, and their meanings. It covers topics such as free and bound morphemes, morphological processes (inflection, derivation, compounding), and the different types of morphemes. The text also explores the rules of morphology, including derivational and inflectional morphology, as well as compounds and blends. Acronyms and reading assignments are included for further study.

gells
Download Presentation

Morphology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Morphology EDL 1201 Linguistics for ELT Mohd Marzuki Maulud

  2. objectives • Morphology: free and bound morpheme. • Morphological processes: inflection, derivation, compounding.

  3. definition • Morphology is the study of words, their formation and their meanings. • Also the study of morphemes… • What is a morpheme?

  4. a morpheme is… • Smallest identifiable grammatical unit. (R L Trask, 2004) Also ‘minimal units of meaning. • Trask gives the eg. of UNHAPPINESS • Unhappiness of Trask • Is built from 3 smaller pieces, i.e. • Un (prefix) • Happy (stem) • Ness (suffix)

  5. C Poole defines morpheme as… smallest unit of words which have semantic or grammatical function, or • …minimal functional element of a word. • Some can stand on its own (roots – read, man, play) and some cannot (affixes – -er, -ly, re-).

  6. Finegan (2004) says that ‘morphemes are word parts which carry meaning’. • Most words have >1 meaningful parts. • Untrue– how many parts? Untruthfulness? Truer? • Fromkin (pg 76) ‘most elemental unit of grammatical form.’ • Morphemes cannot be confused with syllables. See Finegan pg 47, and Fromkin pg 76

  7. What are morphemes? • Most morphemes have lexical meaning, like ‘dash’, ‘woman’ or ‘teach’. • Other morphemes represent grammatical category or semantic notion, such as ‘ed’ in ‘dashed’ or ‘played’ or ‘jumped’. • Some morphemes are just lexical – ‘er’ changes ‘teach’ to ‘teacher’, or ‘buyer’ which are both new words.

  8. What are morphemes? • Circumfixes – morphemes which are attached to another morpheme, both initially and finally (see Fromkin, pg 80) • eg. Un-believe-able, dis- -able, see pg 81

  9. Free morpheme • Morphemes which can stand on its own, eg • Finegan gives the eg. TRUE, MOTHER, ORANGE. • Can you give other examples?

  10. Bound morpheme • Morphemes which cannot stand on its own. For eg. • ‘un-’, ‘dis-’ ‘tele-’, ‘-ness’, ‘-er’, are just word parts and cannot stand on its own as a word.

  11. Rules of morphology • Derivational morphology • - bound morpheme added to a morpheme (root word) resulting in a new word. Eg. • The word ‘Pure’ + ‘ify’ = ‘purify’ • ‘purify’ + ‘ation’ = ‘purification’ • Resulting in new words with different meanings, or class, which is derived from a root word.

  12. Derived to form new word class • Noun changes to adjectives • Verb – noun • Adjective – adverb • Noun – verb • Adjective – noun • Verb – adjective • Refer to Fromkin pg 87

  13. Inflectional morphemes • This is a type of bound morpheme, like cats, collected, sleeps, etc. changes the form of the word, but not the meaning of its central meaning/ lexical category. • Shows or functions to show number, gender, and tense.

  14. COMPOUNDS • Morphological rules which allow the combining of two or more words to become new words. For e.g.: • Laptop • Hot dog • Deep-sea diver • Mile-high club • Lamb chops • Chicken chops

  15. Acronyms • Words derived from the initials of several words which give a certain meaning, eg. • AWOL • ASAP • CC

  16. BLENDS • It is similar to compounds. • The combining of shortened forms to two or more morpheme. For e.g.: • Breakfast and Lunch becomes ‘brunch’ • Motor Hotel – • Broiled and roasted – • Information - entertainment

  17. Reading assignment • Please read • - Fromkin Chapter 3, pgs 69-107 • - Finegan Chapter 2, pgs 46-59 • - do exercise 1 – 5, pgs 109-110

More Related