Scientific Identification & Classification

1. Scientific Identification & Classification

2. Plant Parts • Leaves • Stems • Roots • Flowers

3. Leaves-External • Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem • Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf • Midrib-the large center vein • Veins-the structural framework of the leaf • Margin-the edge of the leaf

4. Leaves-External

5. Leaf Retention • Evergreen-Leaves stay on the plant all year long • Deciduous-Leaves will fall off during the dormant periods • Herbaceous-leaves and stems die back at the end of the season

6. Leaf Type

7. Leaf Type

8. Leaf Shapes Cordate Elliptical Spatulate Deltoid Ovate Lanceolate Liner

9. Leaf Margin

10. Leaf Arrangement Alternate Opposite Whorled

11. Vein Pattern

12. Leaf Me Alone!! Bracts – modified leaves to attract pollinators Sessile – leaves without a petiole Real Flower bract

13. What are the functions of leaves? • Capture light • Exchange gases through respiration • Provide a site for photosynthesis • Some leaves store food and water • Release water through transpiration cooling the plant

14. Stems • Movement of Materials • Support of the leaves and reproductive structures • Food storages • Reproduction with stem cuttings or grafting

15. Stems-External • Lenticels • Bud scale scars • Leaf Scars • Terminal bud • Axillary or lateral bud

16. Thorns & Prickles Thorn Prickle

17. Modified Stems Stolon Cladophyll Tuber

18. Root Functions • Anchor the plant and hold it upright • Absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to the stem • Store large quantities of plant food • Propagate or reproduce some plants

19. Roots-External • Root cap-indicates growth of new cells • Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals Root images from a rice plant

20. Root Types Fibrous Roots Tap Root

21. Layers of Roots • Fibrous-many branched shallow roots • are easier to transplant • Tap-long root with few branched ones • more difficult to transplant

22. Flowers • Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens • Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers • Stamen-male part of the flower • Pistil-female part of the flower

23. Flowers

24. Parts of the Stamen • Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther • Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells

25. Parts of the Pistil • Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen • Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary • Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat • Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized

26. Complete-vs-Incomplete • Complete flowers have both male and female parts • Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts

27. Monoeciuos • All male or all female flowers on plant • Examples: Hollies or Ginkgo Male Female

28. Dioecious • Male and female, imperfect flowers on same plant • Examples: Squash & Pumpkin

29. Flower Types Spike Corymbs Panicle

30. Flower Types Umbel Head

31. Plant Parts-Fruit • Cones • Nut (acorn) • Clusters or drupes (raspberry) • Capsules (willow) • Samara (maple)

32. Fruits and Nuts Acorns Cones Cluster Drupe

33. Fruits and Nuts Capsule Samara Pome

34. Life Cycle • Annual-a plant that lives for only 1 year or less • Biennial-a plant that lives for 2 years, usually flowering in the second year • Perennial-a plant that lives for more than 2 years

35. Growth Habits • Trees: greater than 12 feet tall • Shrubs: less than 12 feet tall • Vines: a plant that climbs & spreads

36. Growth Habits • House Plant: plant grown indoors • Bedding Plant: a plant used in flowering beds

37. Forms of Plants:Growth Pattern Spreading Columnar Weeping

38. Growth Forms Round Pyramidal Oval