The Progressive Movement

1. The Progressive Movement

2. PROGRESSIVISM Muckrackers Suffragettes Mid.classWomen Labor Unions CivilRights Popul ists Temperance

3. Progressive ideals strong amongst young, Protestant, middle class AmericansLooking to fight the wrongs of society. Immorality and corruption really bothered them. Emphasized the simple duties of a good Christian could create a good society: SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT Progressivism & the Protestant Spirit

4. 1) Return control of the government back to the people. 2) Restore economic opportunities 3) Correct Injustices in American Life Aims of the Progressive Movement

5. Beginnings: The Settlement HouseMovement/Hull House What purpose/services did they serve? • Settlement Houses were determined to build a better future, short & long term. • Strong belief that family was the key to moral development • Eliminate prostitution • Set up nursery for working moms • Taught banking • Provided local connections • Employment bureau • Education classes to function in society • Helped get a law passed prohibiting child labor • Eliminate the root of all evil in society - alcohol Helped get the 18th Amendment passed

6. Step 1: Exposing the Evils: Muckrakers, Magazines, & Realism • Muckraker – Reform-minded writers (and those looking to make a profit) who first exposed social ills of the Gilded Age. • Ida Tarbell—exposed Standard Oil Practices • Lincoln Steffens— exposed corruption in city gov’t with “Shame of the Cities” • Jacob Riis—started the movement with “How the Other Half Lives”

8. Room in a tenement, 1910

10. Bottle Alley, Mulberry Road

11. Greek Children in Gotham Court

12. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911

13. Step 1: Exposing the Evils: Muckrakers, Magazines, & Realism • Muckraker – Reform-minded writers (and those looking to make a profit) who first exposed social ills of the Gilded Age. • Ida Tarbell—exposed Standard Oil Practices • Lincoln Steffens— exposed corruption in city gov’t with “Shame of the Cities” • Jacob Riis—started the movement with “How the Other Half Lives”

14. Step 2: Political Action/Accomplishments • Urban &Workplace Reform: • Tenement Act 1901: public hallways must have lighting & one toilet must be provided for every 2 families • Muller v. Oregon: established 10-hour workday for women (1908) • (Bunting v. Oregon (1917) upheld law for men)

15. Limits set on campaign spending Established use of secret ballot 17th Amendment: voters, not state legislators, elected senators (1913) Initiative, referendum, & recall -Initiative: voters can propose laws for legislature to consider -Referendum: voters can vote on recently passed law -Recall: voters can remove elected official from office w/ special election Government Reform

16. 18th Amendment (1918): outlaws sale & distribution of alcohol (to right social & healthcare ills) Mann Act (1910): prohibits interstate transport of women for immoral purpose (prostitution) Women gain right to vote, state by state (nationally in 1920) Reforms Toward Social Justice

17. Women & Progressivism

18. Progressivism Moves to the White House: Theodore Roosevelt“If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn't sit for a month.” - TR

19. Family History Childhood obstacles Harvard education Political Resume 3 terms in NY State Assembly N.Y. City Police Commissioner Asst. Secretary of Navy Rough Riding President – American Hero N.Y. Governor  cleaned up Tammany Hall Vice President of the U.S. (McKinley) President in 1901!!! Rise to Power

20. 1902 PA Coal Miners Strike: 150,000 coal miners went on strike TR willing to arbitrate—mine owners refused TR threatened to federalize PA coal mines if owners didn’t agree to settle the issues! First time big government sided with the workers! -workers got shorter day/higher pay -owners didn’t have to recognize union Progressivism Moves to the White House – Theodore Roosevelt

21. Upheld Sherman Anti-Trust Act (now 12 years old), which outlawed monopolies or trusts that restrained trade (broke up Northern Securities Company, a RR shipping business, and Standard Oil) TRs Trust-busting • Supported Elkins Act (outlawed unfair RR rebates to big businesses) and Hepburn Act (gave Interstate Commerce Commission power to set maximum RR rates)

22. TR’s Philosophy and 1904 Campaign Slogan • TR promised workers, owners, and consumers a “Square Deal:” • Limit trusts • Improve working conditions • Conserve U.S. lands • Promote public health/safety

23. Some historians believe this was TR’s lasting legacy: Placed 230,000,000 acres under federal protection. Revitalized dry land under the Newlands Reclamation Act & est. U.S. Forestry Service. Environmental Conservation

24. Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” prompted the Meat Inspection Act (required federal inspection of meat) and Pure Food and Drug Act (forbade sale of food/medicine containing harmful ingredients) . . . TRs Promotion of Health and Public Safety

26. Having selected Taft as his chosen “Progressive” successor, TR did what every president does upon leaving office . . .

27. The Taft—The Reluctant President Hand-picked by TR as his successor. Helped establish the Department of Labor to oversee working regulations/conditions. 16th amendment establishing income tax passed. Did do some trust-busting and conservation legislation. BUT he passed the higher Payne-Aldrich tariff against his promises. AND he wasn’t quite as . . . boisterous/charming as TR The Taft Presidency

28. Roosevelt Returns!! • Fearful that his Republican Party is not “progressive enough,” Teddy returns to save the day! • The Republicans, however, aren’t sure they want to be “saved” . . .

29. Election 1912

30. The Candidates

31. The Republican Party &President William H. Taft

32. KeeptheWhistleBlowing Taft was determined to defeat TR and preserve the conservative heart of the Republican Party.

33. Republican Party Platform • High import tariffs. • Put limitations on female and child labor. • Workman’s Compensation Laws. • Against initiative, referendum, and recall. • Against “bad” trusts. • Creation of a Federal Trade Commission. • Stay on the gold standard. • Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.

34. The Progressive Party &Former President Theodore Roosevelt People should riseabove their sectarianinterests to promote the general good.

35. TheAnti-Third-TermPrinciple

36. The “Bull Moose”Party:The LatestArrivalat thePolitical Zoo

37. Progressive/Bull Moose Party Platform • Women’s suffrage. • Graduated income tax. • Inheritance tax for the rich. • Lower tariffs. • Limits on campaign spending. • Currency reform. • Minimum wage laws. • Social insurance. • Abolition of child labor. • Workmen’s compensation. NewNationalism

38. The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs “The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.”

39. “The Working Class Candidates” Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President for Vice-President

40. Growth of the Socialist Vote

41. The Industrial Worker: I. W. W. The first American labor group to open its membership to all wage-earning workers, regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex, or gender.

42. Socialist Party Platform • Government ownership of railroads and utilities. • Guaranteed income tax. • No tariffs. • 8-hour work day. • Better housing. • Government inspection of factories. • Women’s suffrage.

43. The Democratic Party &Governor Woodrow Wilson (NJ) Could he rescue the Democratic Party from “Bryanism”??

44. The ReformGovernorof NJ:It TakesTimeto Removethe Grime

45. Democratic Party Platform • Government control of the monopolies  trusts in general were bad  eliminate them!! • Tariff reduction. • One-term President. • Direct election of Senators. • Create a Department of Labor. • Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. • Did NOT support women’s suffrage. • Opposed to a central bank. NewFreedom

46. An Actual 1912 Ballot

47. The Results

48. GOP Divided by Bull MooseEquals Democratic Victory!

49. Election Results • By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908. • The 1912 election marked the highpoint of the Socialist movement in America.

50. How did the election of 1912 change politics in America for the rest of the 20c?