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Reconstruction

Explore the transformative period of Reconstruction in Georgia after the Civil War, including the devastation caused by Sherman's March and the efforts to reconstruct the state. Learn about the different Reconstruction plans, the impact of the Freedmen's Bureau, sharecropping, tenant farming, and the amendments that granted rights to African Americans. Discover the challenges and progress made during this crucial time in Georgia's history.

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction

  2. Reconstruction 1865-1872 • A time of major change in the state following the devastation of the Civil War • Georgia was decimated after Sherman’s March and 4 years of fighting. • >40,000 Georgians had been killed or wounded • Many Georgians lost their land completely • US will attempt to reconstruct the South using 3 different Reconstruction Plans. • Presidential Reconstruction • Congressional Reconstruction • Military Reconstruction

  3. Page 108- LH assignment • Freedmen’s Bureau • Sharecropping • Tenant Farming • 13th Amendment • Black Codes • 14th Amendment • Ku Klux Klan • 15th Amendment 1.Use the books to copy the definition 2.Write a sentence using the word 3. Colored Picture

  4. Presidential Reconstruction • The first of 3 plans (1865-1866) • President Johnson • Native of Tennessee • Remained loyal to the union during the War • Very lenient with the southern • His plan was based on Lincoln’s10% plan • Southern states could rejoin the Union if 10% of their population swore allegiance to the US • Required to Ratify the 13th amendment

  5. Georgia’s 1866 Constitution Convention • Repealed the Ordnance of Session • Passed the 13th Amendment • Banned Interracial marriages • Alexander Stephens to Congress • Georgia was readmitted into the Union in December of 1865 due to passing the 13th Amendment Temporary

  6. Congressional Upset • Republicans in Congress were upset that Confederate leaders were given congressional positions. • Alexander Stephens • Radical Republicans- favored harsher treatment for the Confederate Southern States. • Accused Johnson of abusing power • Began his impeachment process

  7. Black Codes & the 14th Amendment • Black Codes were enforced in the south • Laws that did not allow blacks to vote, testify against whites in court, or serve as jurors. • Radical Republicans were appalled at the treatment of freedmen. • As a result congress introduced the 14th Amendment • Made blacks citizens of the US and required them to be given same rights as all other citizens.

  8. Congressional Reconstruction 1866-1867 • Congress sends southern representatives home • require passage of the 14th amendment • Georgia refused to ratify the 14th Amendment • Georgia eventually ratified the 14th amendment on 21 July 1868 • Placed under authority of congress as a result Reconstruction Act of 1867— Lumped the South into 5 Military Districts. Georgia is a part of the 3rd Military District directed by John Pope

  9. Military Reconstruction • 3rd district was under command of General John Pope (1st Military Governor) • Georgia, Alabama, and Florida • Pope registered Georgia's eligible voters: • Whites 95,214 • Blacks 93,457 • Election held for Constitutional Representatives • Republicans and 37 African Americans were elected

  10. Constitutional Convention of AtlantaDecember 1867 - March 1868 • New constitution created • Provisions for black voting • Free Public schools • Moved the Capital to Atlanta • gave wives control of their property • increased the governor's term to four years

  11. After the Convention.. • Rufus Bullock was elected Governor • General Assembly began its session • Republican controlled • Military presence remained in Georgia • To monitor KKK • 1870- Georgia remitted to the Union when the republicans and black legislators passed the 15th Amendment • African American men the right to vote • 1872- Southern Democrats “redeemers” voted back into office • Governor and General Assembly

  12. Freedmen's Bureau • Created to help Freedmen adjust to freedom • Black and poor whites • Fed, clothed, and sheltered • Helped build the freedmen’s schools and hospitals • Supervised labor contracts • Created the first public school program for either blacks or whites in Georgia • Set stage for modern public school system • Clarke Atlanta University and Morehouse College

  13. Ku Klux Klan Organized in 1866 by Confederate veterans to resist reconstruction efforts. Made up of southern Democrats Used terror to keep freedmen from using their rights. To intimidate white republican and blacks The violence kept federal troops in Georgia to protect blacks.

  14. Page 112 Left-HandUse CRCT book P. 87 &93

  15. Changes in Agriculture • After the war the plantation owners and freedmen still needed each other to grow crops. • Federal Currency was not available to pay the workers as there were no longer slaves. • Freedmen were paid as sharecroppers and tenant farmers to work the fields.

  16. Sharecropping Landowners provided land, housing, seed, tools, farm animals and fertilizer. Workers gave a percentage of their crop to the owners in return. They often owed more to the owner than they could get for their crop. Debt meant they may never be able to buy their own land.

  17. Old sharecroppers house

  18. Tenant Farming Tenants (farmers) rented the land but owned much of their own tools, animals and seed. Easier to make a profit but was very risky if crops failed. Some tenant farmers lost what they owned and turned to sharecropping. Tenant farmers were a higher social class than sharecroppers.

  19. LH page 114Create a Double Bubble MapCompare and contrast: Sharecropping And Tenant Farming

  20. Black Legislators • 32 black legislators were elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1867 • After military reconstruction helped register eligible voters. • Henry McNeal Turner was the most prominent.

  21. Henry McNeal Turner (1834-1915) Born in South Carolina 1853- began preaching Traveled through the south After the civil war traveled through Georgia converting freedmen 1867- helped organize the Republican Party in Ga Elected to the 1867 Constitutional Convention He promoted land ownership, voting rights and education for blacks. White democrats expelled him and other elected blacks from office in1869.

  22. The End of Reconstruction Northerners began to tire of protecting African American rights in the South. The Freedmen’s Bureau was very difficult and expensive to maintain. Rutherford B. Hayes promised to remove U.S. troops from the South if elected in 1876. He won and federal troops left the South in 1877 effectively ending Reconstruction.

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