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Example: Extra Teacher Provision

Example: Extra Teacher Provision. Example: Extra teacher provision. Many countries have large class sizes and have recruited local or informal teachers to help teach part of the class (in general the weakest). There are many important questions this raises:

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Example: Extra Teacher Provision

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  1. Example: Extra Teacher Provision

  2. Example: Extra teacher provision • Many countries have large class sizes and have recruited local or informal teachers to help teach part of the class (in general the weakest). • There are many important questions this raises: • What is the impact of smaller class sizes? – Hypothesis 1 (H1) • How important for learning is the peer group (tracking)? - H2 • How do local/informal teachers compare to more experienced but less accountable govt teachers? - H3 • How can you design an evaluation that examines all these questions? • Lets take them one by one.

  3. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher Hypothesis 1: Reducing class size leads to better educational outcomes

  4. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes Hypothesis 2: Students in split classes grouped by ability perform better on average than those in mixed classes

  5. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Hypothesis 3: Contract teachers are more effective than government teachers

  6. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher A Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes B D F Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher C E G Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher

  7. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher A Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes B D F Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher C E G Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Secondary Hypothesis: Contract teachers are more effective than government teachers, when classes are tracked

  8. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher A Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes B D F Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher C E G Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Secondary Hypothesis: Contract teachers are more effective than government teachers in mixed classes

  9. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher A Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes B D F Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher C E G Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Secondary Hypothesis: Contract teachers are more effective than government teachers in classes of low-performing students

  10. Example: extra teacher provision Target Population: Schools Treatment 1: Extra Teacher (classes split) Pure Control: No Extra Teacher A Control for Treatment 2 Class is split randomly Treatment 2 Class is split by ability Lower Ability Classes Higher Ability Classes B D F Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher Gov’t Teacher C E G Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Contract Teacher Back to the first question: Pure effect of class size?

  11. Results - Duflo, Dupas & Kremer (2008) • Hiring an extra teacher on a local contract led to a large improvement in educational outcomes • Being in a homogenous class (tracking) matters a lot – more than the average level of peers • Larger gains from community oversight (local teachers) in schools that assigned students based on level of preparedness (tracking) – positive interaction • Smaller impact of class size reduction without either tracking or reinforced community oversight (local teacher): government teachers were observed to teach LESS often!

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