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The Northern Renaissance

The Northern Renaissance. Similarities / Diff. of North, Italian R. Similarities. Differences. North had one small, rich duchy, Burgundy A few large, centralized states = less innovation, merchant power North had fewer artists spread over larger area

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The Northern Renaissance

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  1. The Northern Renaissance

  2. Similarities / Diff. of North, Italian R. Similarities Differences North had one small, rich duchy, Burgundy A few large, centralized states = less innovation, merchant power North had fewer artists spread over larger area North had less focus on Greek, Roman revival; instead, focus was on religious reform • Same religion, until 1517 (Catholicism) • Same economic system (guilds) • An artistic center • In Italy, Florence • In North, Burgundy (in Belgium)

  3. The Printing Press • Chinese invention that was independently developed in Europe • Invented around 1444 • Guild secret • Gutenberg used indiv. reusable letters • New ink to stick to metal • 1455: First book off printing press = Bible

  4. Impact of Printing Press • By 1500 = 20 million books printed • By 1600 = 140-200 million books printed • Cheap books + large supply = more literacy • Education became accessible to regular people (esp. universities) Scientific Revolution accelerated b/c scientists learned from each other Printing press allowed Protestant Reformation b/c ideas spread quickly

  5. Flanders / Belgium • Center of Northern Renaissance were the Dukes of Burgundy • Rich, from wool and banking • Patrons of the arts • Artists flocked to Bruges, Brussels • Duchy eventually conquered, divided between France, HRE

  6. France • Charles VII (1403-1461) brought Ren. ideas from Italy – started French Ren. • Erasmus (1466-1536) • Dutch humanist & Catholic reformer (Disagreed w/ Luther) • “Philosophy of Christ”: church departing from selfless love, piety • Translated Bible from Greek • In Praise of Folly – satire of Church

  7. England • “Elizabethan Age” = Ren. England • Elizabeth I (1558-1603) • The “Virgin Queen” • Great patron of the arts • Francis Bacon: scientific method • Ben Jonson: Poet, actor, playwright • Christopher Marlowe: poet, actor – spy?

  8. William Shakespeare • Considered greatest writer of English language • Wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets • Popular during life: called the “Bard of Avon”

  9. Northern Renaissance Painters • Characteristics • Less @ anatomy, perspective • More @ mastery of technique, detail of subject • Great Artists of Period • Hubert van Eyck (1385-1426) • Jan van Eyck (1390-1441) • Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) • Hans Holbein (1497-1543) Hubert van Eyck – 3 Marys at the Tomb

  10. Northern Renaissance Painters Hubert & Jan van Eyck, Altarpiece of Ghent Albrecht Durer – Adoration of the Magi

  11. Northern Renaissance Painters Durer, Mary with the Squatting Child Hans Holbein, The Artist’s Family

  12. Northern Renaissance Painters Holbein, Jane Seymour Holbein, Portrait of Henry VIII

  13. Northern European Architecture • Medieval architectural style = Gothic • Many cathedrals, abbeys, etc. built in style • During late 15th and into 16th centuries, architecture evolved into fusion of Italian Ren. and local preferences Gothic Cathedral, Reims France

  14. Examples of French Renaissance Architecture Château de Chenonceau, Loire Chateau de Chambord (combo Gothic / Ren)

  15. Examples of English Renaissance Architecture Burghley House, 1587 Hardwick Hall, 1597

  16. Other Examples of Renaissance Architecture The Escorial - Spain Esztergom Basilica– Hungary

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