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ANATOMY DEPARTMENT

Practice questions and answers for anatomy department practical exams focusing on musculoskeletal injuries. Identify nerves, muscles, and their functions based on presented case studies.

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ANATOMY DEPARTMENT

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  1. ANATOMY DEPARTMENT PRACTIAL EXAM MUSCULOSKELETAL BLOCK

  2. Q1 A 23-year-old soldier presents with shrapnel wound in the lateral wall of his chest. Few months later, his physical therapist observed his scapula moves away from the chest. Which nerve is likely damaged? --------------------------------------- What is the root value of this nerve? ------------------------------------- Which muscle is probably affected? ----------------------------------------

  3. Q1 A 23-year-oldsoldier presents with shrapnel wound in the lateral wall of his chest. Few months later, his physical therapist observed his scapula moves away from the chest. Which nerve is likely damaged? Long thoracic nerve or nerve to serratus anterior. What is the root value of this nerve? -C5,C6 and C7 Which muscle is probably affected? serratus anterior.

  4. Q2 • A 17-years old student examined by his family physician as he has sever pain in the root of his left thumb, after a basket ball game. • The physician exacerbates his pain as he applied pressure on the anatomical snuff box as shown in the next photo. • Which bones the physician suspect injury? (mention 2 bones) • ------------------------------------- • Which artery runs in the floor of this area? • -----------------------------

  5. Q 2 • A 17-years old student examined by his family physician as he has sever pain in the root of his left thumb, after a basket ball game. • The physician exacerbates his pain as he applied pressure on the anatomical snuff box as shown in the next photo. • Which bones the physician suspect injury? • Styloid process of radius. • Scaphoid. • Which artery runs in the floor of this area? • Radial artery.

  6. Q3 • On evaluation of the hand function the physician holds 3 fingers in extended position and asked the patient to flex the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger. • Which muscle is the doctor testing? • -------------------------------------------- • Which nerve is supplying this muscle? • --------------------------------------

  7. Q3 • On evaluation of the hand function the physician holds 3 fingers in extended position and asked the patient to flex the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger. • Which muscle is the doctor testing? • Flexor digitorum superficialis. • Which nerve is supplying this muscle? • Median nerve.( c5,6,7,8 ,T1 )

  8. Q 4 • A 33-year-old male had a fracture of his left humerus at the level of the spiral groove. 2 months later he cannot extends his left wrist or the left fingers. • Which nerve is most likely injured? (5 marks). • ------------------------------------------- • Describe the area of cutaneous loss? • ----------------------------------------------

  9. Q 4 • A 33-year-old male had a fracture of his left humerus at the level of the spiral groove. 2 months later he cannot extends his left wrist or the left fingers. • Which nerve is most likely injured? (5 marks). • Radial nerve • Describe the area of cutaneous loss? • Lateral 2/3rd of dorsal aspect of the hand and lateral 3 ½ fingers up to the middle phalanges.

  10. Q 5 • A physician performs a tendon reflex. • Which tendon reflex he is testing? (3 marks) • -------------------------------- • What is the nerve supply of the tested muscle? (4 marks) • -------------------------------- • Which cord gives this nerve? (3 marks). • ----------------------------------------

  11. Q 5 • A physician performs a tendon reflex. • Which tendon reflex he is testing? • Biceps. • What is the nerve supply of the tested muscle? • Musculocutaneous nerve. • Which cord gives this nerve? • Lateral cord.

  12. Q 6 On evaluation of the hand function, the physician asked the patient to flex the terminal phalanx of the right index finger. Which muscle the physician is testing? (5 marks). -------------------------------------- What is the nerve supply he is testing? (5 marks). ----------------------------------------

  13. Q 6 On evaluation of the hand function, the physician asked the patient to flex the terminal phalanx of the right index finger. Which muscle the physician is testing? (5 marks). Flexor digitorum profundus. What is the nerve supply he is testing? (5 marks). Median nerve. ----------------------------------------

  14. Station “1” 2 • Identify each of the following labeled muscles and its nerve supply: • 1--------------- • Its nerve--------- • 2------------------------- • Its nerve--------- • 3--------------------- • Its nerve--------- 3 1

  15. Station “1” 2 • Identify each of the following muscles and its nerve supply: 1-latissimus dorsi. Its nerve: Thoracodorsal nerve or nerve to latissimus dorsi. 2- Subscapularis. Its nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves. 2- teres major. Its nerve: lower subscapular. 3 1

  16. On evaluation of the peripheral circulation of diabetic patient, the physician put his fingers as shown in the next photo. • Which artery he is trying to feel? (4 marks) • ------------------------------------- • Which tendons descends on both sides of the artery in this area? (3marks each) • ------------------------------ • ---------------------------------

  17. On evaluation of the peripheral circulation of diabetic patient, the physician put his fingers as shown in the next photo. • Which artery he is trying to feel? (4 marks) • Dorsalis pedis artery • Which tendons descends on both sides of the artery in this area? (3marks each) • Extensor hallucis longus. • Extensor digitorum longus.

  18. On evaluation of the foot function, the physician asked the patient to raise his heel from the ground as shown in the next photo. • Enumerate 2 Which muscles perform this action? • 1----------- • 2------- • What is the nerve supply of each? • ------------------

  19. On evaluation of the foot function, the physician asked the patient to raise his heel from the ground as shown in the next photo. • Enumerate 2 muscles perform this action? • 1-Gastrocnemus . • 2-Soleus. • What is the nerve supply of each? • Tibial nerve.

  20. Station “2” 1 • Identify each of the following muscles and its nerve supply: • 1------------------- • Its nerve:-------------- • 2---------------------- • Its nerve:-------------- 2

  21. Station “2” 1 • Identify each of the following muscles and its nerve supply: • 1-Deltoid. • Its nerve:-Axillary. • 2-Pectoralis major. • Its nerve:-Lateral and medial pectoral nerves. 2

  22. On evaluation of the knee function, the physician asked the patient to flex the knee against resistance as shown in the next photo. • Which group of muscles produces this function? • -------------------------. • What is the nerve supply of this group? • ---------------------------

  23. On evaluation of the knee function, the physician asked the patient to flex the knee against resistance as shown in the next photo. • Which group of muscles produces this function? • -Hamstring muscles. • What is the nerve supply of this group? • Sciatic nerve

  24. Station “3” • Identify the muscle attached to the marked area “1” • 1-------------------- • What is its nerve supply? • ----------------------- • Where it is inserted? • --------------- 1

  25. Identify the muscle attached to the marked area “1” • 1-Subscapularis • What is its nerve supply? • -Upper and lower subscapular nerves. • Where it is inserted? • Lesser tuberosity of humerus. 1 Its function is medial rotation

  26. A 67 –year- old man recently underwent a coronary bypass operation. • After he recovered he experienced burning sensation in the marked area in the next photo. • Which nerve supply this area? • ----------------------------------- • From which nerve this nerve originates? • -------------------------------

  27. A 67 –year- old man recently underwent a coronary bypass operation. • After he recovered he experienced burning sensation in the marked area in the next photo. • Which nerve supply this area? • --Saphenous nerve. • From which nerve this nerve originates? • --Femoral nerve. * سؤال نبه عليه الدكتور .. Which vein is used in the bypass Operation ? Great saphenous vein

  28. Station “4” 1 • Identify the muscles attached to the marked area and what is its nerve supply: • 1----------------- • Its nerve:----------- • 2------------------ • Its nerve:-------------- 2

  29. Station “4” 1 • Identify the muscles attached to the marked area and what is its nerve supply: • 1-Biceps brachii. • Its nerve:-Musculocutanous nerve. • 2—Pronator quadratus. • Its nerve:--anterior interosseus nerve from Median nerve. 2

  30. A 75-year- old man recently has coronary bypass. After recovery he noticed numbness and paraesthesia in the marked area in the given photo. • Which vein is used in the bypass operation? • ----------------------------- • Which nerve supply the skin in the marked area? • -----------------------------------

  31. A 75-year- old man recently has coronary bypass. After recovery he noticed numbness and paraesthesia in the marked area in the given photo. • Which vein is used in the bypass operation? • -Small saphenous vein. • Which nerve supply the skin in the marked area? • -Sural nerve.

  32. Station “5” 1 • Identify the muscles attached to the marked areas”1 & 2” • And its nerve supply • 1-------------------------- • Its nerve:--------------- • 2----------------------- • Its nerve---------------- 2

  33. Station “5” 1 • Identify the muscles attached to the marked areas”1 & 2” • And its nerve supply • 1- Flexor digitorum profundus. • Its nerve:-Medial 2 fingers Ulnar nerve. • Lateral 2 fingers median nerve. • 2-Flexor digitorum superficialis. • Its nerve: Median nerve. 2

  34. Station “6” • 1-What is the nerve supply of the green area. • 1---------------

  35. Station “6” • 1-What is the nerve supply of the green area. • 1-Radial nerve. • ( c5,6,7,8, T1)

  36. Station “7” • 1- Identify the muscle attached to red area • 1--------------------- • 2-Where it is inserted? • 2----------------------------- • 3- What is its nerve supply-------------------- • 4- Its main action-----------------------------------------

  37. Station “7” 1- Identify the muscle attached to red area. 1- Medial head of triceps. 2-Where it is inserted? 2-Olecranon process. 3- What is its nerve supply? Radial nerve. 4- Its main action: Extension of the forearm.

  38. Station “8” • What is the nerve in danger in case of this fracture? • -------------------------

  39. Station “8” • What is the nerve in danger in case of this fracture? • --Radial nerve.

  40. Station “9” • 1- Identify the structure “A” • -------------------------------------- • 2-Enumerate 2 structures passing superficial & 2 structures deep to it. • Superficial: • 1--------------------------------- • 2------------------------------- • Deep: • 1------------------------ • 2---------------------------------- A

  41. Station “9” • 1- Identify the structure “A” • --Flexor retinaculum • 2-Enumerate 2 nerves passing superficial & 2 tendon deep to it. • Superficial: • 1—Ulnar nerve. • 2—Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar and median nerves. • Deep: • 1—Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus. • 2---Flexor pollicis longus. A

  42. Station “10” 2 • Identify the marked areas. • Identify one structure attached to each area. • 1--------------------------------------------------------------- • 2--------------------------------------------------------------- • 3------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3

  43. 2 • Identify the marked areas. • Identify one structure attached to each area. 1- shaft of fumer : vestusintermedius nerve supply > femoral nerve 2-greater trochanter : anterior: gluteus minimus lateral : gluteus medius nerve supply > superior gluteal nerve 3- tibialtubrosty : (SGS ) Surtorries > femoral nerve Grasillis > obturator nerve Semitendinosus > tibial portion of sciatic nerve 1 3

  44. Station “11” • Identify these nerves: • 1----------------------- • 2------------------------- • 3---------------------------- • 4- What is the nerve supply to the lateral side of the foot: • ------------------------------ 1 2 3

  45. Station “11” Identify these nerves: 1—Common peroneal. 2—Musculocutaenous, or superficial peroneal. 3- Deep peroneal or anterior tibial. 4- What is the nerve supply to the lateral side of the foot: Sural nerve. 1 2 3

  46. Station “12” 1 • Identify these structures: • 1----------------------- • 2------------------------ • 3------------------------ • What is the nerve supply for 1 &2. • 1----------------------- • 2---------------------- 2 3

  47. Station “12” 1 Identify these structures: 1-Glutes maximus. 2-Tensor fascia lata. 3-Iliotibial tract. What is the nerve supply for 1 &2. 1. Inferior gluteal nerve. 2—Superior gluteal nerve. 2 3

  48. Station “13” Medius • Identify the marked muscles and the nerve supply of each: • 1------------------------ • Nerve:------------------ • 2------------------------- • Nerve:----------------- • 3------------------------ • Nerve:---------------- 2 1 3

  49. Station “13” Medius • Identify the marked muscles and the nerve supply of each: • 1-Piriformis muscle. • Nerve:--S1 &2. • 2-Gluteus minims. • Nerve:-sup. Gluteal n. • 3- Quadratus femoris. • Nerve:- Nerve to quadratus femoris. 2 1 3

  50. Identify: A: Sacrum B: Head of femur C: Lesser trochanter D: Obturator foramen E: Pubic symphysis F: Ischial tuberosity G: Greater trochanter H: Acetabulum I: Anterior superior iliac spine J: Iliac crest

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