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The M edia G iants. By Tuva Eriksen. The global commercial system. 1980’s – broadcastin was regional and national Changed because of pressure. The first-tier. Five largest : Time Warner, Disney, B ertelsmann, Viacom and News Corporation
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The Media Giants By Tuva Eriksen
The global commercial system • 1980’s – broadcastinwas regional and national • Changedbecauseofpressure
The first-tier • Five largest: Time Warner, Disney, Bertelsmann, Viacom and News Corporation • «Growbigger and bigger, dominate different markets, don’t let competition buy youout» • Compound media holdings • The last fourfirmsofthe first-tier: TCI, General Electric, SONY, and Seagram
The second-tier • Forty-fifty media firms – national and regional • New York Times, Hearst and Comcast • Every media holding is prettymuchprovided by onlythesefiftyfirms.
Positive and negative sides • Positive: Promotes anti-racism, anti-sexist messages, anti-authoritarianmessages • Negative: No interests in journalism, giving noaward to their business • Commercials dealingwitheveryspecterofyour life • Framingpicturesofperfectwomen and men
Disney • 1990s – shifted from amusement parks to film and television division • Broadcasting, theme parks, films, publishing and merchandising. • Entertainment and animation – grewbigger and bigger • 1996 – family- and children-oriented Disney Channel • America, Britain, Australia, China, France, Italy, The Middle East, Scandinavia • Morals
Disney • Disney is theownerof: • The U.S ABC television and radio networks • Ten U.S television stations and 21 U.S radio stations • Disney Channel, ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPNews • Film, video and television production studios including Disney, Miramax and Buena Vista • Magazine and newspaper publishing, Fairchild Publications and Chilton Publications • Theme parks and resorts, Disneyland, Disney World • Disney Cruise Line
Sources • http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1406 • http://www.globalissues.org/article/159/media-conglomerates-mergers-concentration-of-ownership#globalissues-org • http://www.udel.edu/comm245/readings/media.pdf • http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Media_control_propaganda/GlobalMediaGiants_Herman.html • http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3861/is_199803/ai_n8805203/ • http://monthlyreview.org/2001/03/01/global-media-neoliberalism-and-imperialism • http://infousa.state.gov/media/index.html • http://www.oecd.org/site/0,3407,en_21571361_39598752_1_1_1_1_1,00.html • http://bikyamasr.com/30670/new-york-times-admits-skewed-rape-reporting/