Global E-Governance Model: Focused on Intersectoral Governance (ISG ) Frameworks

1. Global E-Governance Model: Focused on Intersectoral Governance (ISG ) Frameworks May 21, 2013 Alexei Tikhomirov (Acting Head, UNPOG) SeunghwanMyeong (Professor, Inha University) ASTEX 2013 Economic Forum Astana, Kazakhstan

2. Contents • Introduction • Social Network Technologies and Social Change • Contingency Models of E-government • IntersectoralGovernance (ISG ) Frameworks • Open Government • Vision and Work Plan of UNPOG • Conclusion I & II

3. Introduction • The Social Network System (SNS) revolutionizes the paradigm of public administration in many aspects-agenda setting, organization settings, work practices, and policy evaluations. • It also opens the possibility of a new governance model overcoming the previous limitations of E-government services which are provider-oriented, frequently missing timeliness, and inefficient in communications with unanimous customers. • Korean government is now in the middle of transition to find more citizen-oriented services with more tailored and specific solutions to the target population.

4. Introduction • The issues of e-government cannot simply be approached in a single organization or just across organizations without understanding dynamic interactions between different organizations and people which influence organizational settings, power structures, and even cultures with each other. These are challenges of future e-government as well as issues for public administration.

5. Social Network Technologies and Social Change • According to Gartner, top 10 future strategic technologies in the next three years include Mobile-Centric Applications and Interfaces, Contextual and Social User Experience, Internet of Things, App Stores ,Cloud Computing and so on. • Especially, “…cloud is a disruptive force and has the potential for broad long-term impact in most industries. Hybrid cloud computing manage and govern the entire cloud spectrum will be a major focus for 2012” (Gartner, 2012).

6. Social Network Technologies and Social Change • It is quite interesting that new emerging technologies require e-governance perspective focusing on collaboration of governments, private organizations, and NGOs across various levels and boundaries. • New technologies also show possibilities of overcoming weakness of governance which still dependent on administrators of each different levels of organizations (government, private, NGO). • Web 2.0 services follow a self-service model rather than being an administrator dependent. For instance, Apple’s App market is a self service platform for individual App producers. • Web 3.0 is more individualized and decentralized self-service model in a tightly engaged network and platform. Gov 3.0 based upon web 3.0 needs to provide more tailored services toward each specific individual as well as collaborating with privates and citizens as a partner or sometimes as a mediator.

7. Contingency Models of E-governance ● Social, political, and economic elements influence the implementation of E-Government greatly. These include ① information infrastructure of a country, ② human resources, ③ leadership and vision, ④ maintenance of a legal system, ⑤ a revolutionary public administration system (UNDPEPA & ASPA,2002). ● The 2010 United Nations e-Government Survey presented various roles for e-government in addressing the ongoing world financial and economic crisis: (i) the public trust that is gained through transparency can be further enhanced through the free sharing of government data based on open standards; (ii) the ability of e-government to handle speed and complexity can also underpin regulatory reform; and (iii) empowering citizens to question the actions of regulators and bring systemic issues to the fore.

8. Contingency Models of E-governance ● First, e-government has to increase productivity and efficiency by utilizing information technologies in public administration. However, it should improve citizens’quality of life as its highest objective by reconsidering transparency of public administration and democracy. ● Second, e-government should provide adequate and efficient civil services by applying information technologies in the right places. In order to make this a reality, civil services have to be reformed to emphasize citizen-oriented work processes ● Third, e-government must reengineer public administration processes that include a systematic effort that challenge traditional vertical bureaucratic models. ● Fourth, e-government should refer not only to information-oriented civil services; it also has to be an advanced model of government in an information society and consider society’s equilibrium through extended civil services under democratic ideals.

9. Configuration Elements for Implementing E-governance

10. Contingency Model for E-governance

11. Evolution and Elements of E-government (E-governance) Model • (Source: Kim, S. T. 2011. The Future Strategy of Korea for Building a Smart Society)

12. Intersectoral Governance (ISG ) Frameworks http://www.unpog.org

13. ISG Arrangements http://www.unpog.org

14. Decision Making Process of ISG http://www.unpog.org

15. Technological Aspects of ISG I II III http://www.unpog.org

16. Suggestions • Conceptualizing ISG • Review of the Legal/Regulatory Framework • Market-based Incentives for ISG • Recording Public-Private Partnership • Provisioning Social Services • Strengthening & Capacity Building of NGOs • New mechanisms to address the economic and financial crisis • New e-Governance model http://www.unpog.org

17. Open Government: Open Source Software (OSS) and Open Data Standards (ODS) http://www.unpog.org

18. Open Government Structure Open Government as a Manifold • Open • Closed Information Flows http://www.unpog.org

19. Open Government Structure Information Flows • Open http://www.unpog.org

20. Open Government Structure Open Government as a Manifold => OSS + ODS • OSS and ODS provide better security • One can do what one wants with the code and with the data http://www.unpog.org

21. Open Government Structure Open Government needs => OSS + ODS http://www.unpog.org

22. OSS Aspects • Political aspects, concepts related to governmental tasks, goals andresponsibilities like freedom and equality, digital endurance, digital heritageand stimulation of innovation; • Economic aspects, related to cost reduction and market health; • Social aspects, in particular for education and team work support; • Managerial and/or technical aspects, in particular quality of the products interms of stability and reliability, transparency, support and security; • legal aspects, related to licensing and liability. IDABC, The Many Aspects of Open Source. Retrieved, 14th January 2007, from http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/1744 http://www.unpog.org

23. ODS aspects • An open standard is accessible to everyone free of charge; • An open standard of necessity remains accessible and free of charge; • An open standard is accessible free of charge and documented in all itsdetails; Danish Board of Technology. Definition of open standards. Retrieved, 14th January 2007, from http://www.oio.dk/files/040622_Definition_of_open_standards.pdf http://www.unpog.org

24. Smart Government And Vision of UNPOG

25. Smart E-Government (Governance) “Smart E-Government (Governance)” is designed as new model for government in smart society. Cooperative government Smart e-government is connected with Gov 3.0 predicted as future government model. Gov 3.0 is the government administrative system, national system toward cooper-ative companion’s role by redesign administrative work method. Gov3.0 is also the process based on highly intelligent ICT & social-based platform which can create productive and democratic added-value continuously by mutual trade among social members. Transparent Government Intelligent Government

26. Smart & Platform Government Cooperative, Intelligent and Transparent government Paths for Value added products Platform Service-Mutual Communication Government Platform Citizen Platform Resource Input Private sector Resource Input Platform Platform Service-Mutual Communication Source : Myeong(2012) Platform Government

27. A Step toward Smart Government Local governments should play a role of platform provider and collaborative supporter. 1 Intelligent government should provide a customized service to meet with people’s specific demands through life cycles. 2 The government should supervise violators of the game, and arbitrate for conflicts that may impair communication, participation, and confidence of smart society. 3 The local government should maximized accessibility of complicated network by considering multi-dimensional aspect of a local society. 4

28. 2013 Vision/Work Plan of UNPOG http://www.unpog.org

29. Vision of UNPOG Role is to assist Member States in achieving internationally agreed development goals, through research and knowledge sharing on the various facets of institutional development, electronic and mobile governance, and citizen’s engagement. Strengtheninggovernance systems at the national and local levels to spread good governance among UN member states, focusing on e-Governance. Promotecooperation among public agencies, private sectors and civil society organizations, while facilitating both North-South and South-South exchanges of good practices in governance and public administration. http://www.unpog.org

30. Capacity Development • Global e-Government forum, Korea, 17-18 Oct 2012 • Titled as “Smart e-Government for the Better Future” • Sharing experiences and best practices on building e-Government and e-Governance at the international levels • Enhancing cooperation, and developing inter-working mechanisms among e-Government stakeholders including policy makers, UN experts, scholars and private sector experts • Workshop on Gender Mainstreaming and e-Governance, Bangkok in Thailand, Nov 2012 • Workshop on e-Government for Afghanistan Government, Dec 2012 • Organizing a workshop for 15 CIOs from Afghanistan • Discussing about establishing the internet centre and dispatching IT officials to contribute to development of e-Government of Afghanistan http://www.unpog.org

31. Research and Policy Development Research and Policy Development • UNPACS Research • Methodology for Development of e-Government Programmes and Their implementation as a Part of Socio-economic Strategy • Open Government Data & Information Security • Gender Mainstreaming & e-Governance • E-Procurement Research • Advanced Study on Global e-Governance & Leadership in Cooperation with Inha University / Then, training course will be provided http://www.unpog.org

32. Communications and Outreach Communication & Outreach • Articles and papers on UNDESA and UNPOG’s substantive capacity development activities • Publication of the best practices on UNPSA • Meetings with Ministry of Public Administration and Security (MOPAS) and other Korean government agencies to engage them into UNPOG’s activities • Advocacy and outreach activities through presentations or lectures on UNPOG’s research and capacity development achievements in universities and governments etc • Website revamping for better information delivery http://www.unpog.org

33. Conclusion I: Old E-Government is Gone ! • In the era of governance, e-government study should not to be in the dichotomy dilemma of ‘science’ or ‘art’. • It should entail both consensus building and effective implementation, while selecting a good conducting leader with a good governance orchestra for a good performance. • NPM-oriented and bureaucratic e-government model are declining in popularity because of its narrow and managerial perspectives while ignoring differences of philosophies, histories, cultures, politics, and governments among countries.

34. Conclusion II: New E-Governance is Coming! • Government is not the only entity to drive or lead social changes, and we have witnessed the government failure in many occasions in the field of public administration, economy, financial market, and global trade in the era of governance. • Government is now needed to seriously look at a new position in the ground of Web 3.0 which is more individualized and decentralized self-service model in a tightly engaged network and platform. • Government needs to provide more tailored services toward each targeted individual as well as cooperatively engaging in privates and citizens as a partner or sometimes as a referee for keeping a fair game. • E-government people in the future need capabilities of prediction and analysis in a timely manner, abilities of dialogue and moderation with local and global clients, and philosophies of balancing democracy and efficiency.

35. Thank you. Do you have any Questions?