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Crime Statistics

Crime Statistics. Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). Developed by the IACP and FBI (1927) Summarizes the incidence and rate of Reported crimes in America. Utilizes reports from 16,000 law enforcement agencies. When it began, it utilized reports from 400 cities in 43 states. (1930).

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Crime Statistics

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  1. Crime Statistics

  2. Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) • Developed by the IACP and FBI (1927) • Summarizes the incidence and rate of Reported crimes in America. • Utilizes reports from 16,000 law enforcement agencies. • When it began, it utilized reports from 400 cities in 43 states. (1930)

  3. UCR Crime Index • Sum of 7 crimes. • Gives a crime rate based on population. • Used to fund crime prevention programs. • Part I Offenses: • Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault, Burglary, Larceny-Theft and Motor Vehicle Theft.

  4. Clearance Rate: The proportion of reported crimes that have been solved through arrest or other means Based on arrests not convictions Hierarchy Rule: When a series of crimes occur during the same incident, only the most serious crime is counted. UCR Crime Index Cont.

  5. PART I Crimes • Murder • Rape • Robbery • Aggravated Assault • Burglary • Larceny Theft • Motor vehicle Theft • Arson

  6. MURDER Unlawful killing of one human being by another. May include 1st and 2nd degree murder and manslaughter. Not included: suicides, justifiable homicide (self-defense), negligent or accidental deaths, and attempted murders FORCIBLE RAPE The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly against her will. Not included: rape of a male and same sex rape. Statutory rape without force Least reported of Part 1 offenses. PART I OFFENSES

  7. Crime Clock

  8. Murder • July & August - highest number of reports • most common in southern states • persons age 20-24 most likely victims • most perpetrators also 20-24 years-old

  9. Murder • highest clearance rate of Part I offenses (typically over 60%) • firearms most frequent weapon of choice (71%) • knives second most frequent (13%)

  10. MURDER • only 24% committed by strangers • most murders are committed by “acquaintances” • 27% are the result of an “argument”

  11. Reasons for NOT reporting rapes: The lack of belief in ability of police to apprehend the suspect. The concern that the victim would receive unsympathetic treatment from police. The desire to avoid the embarrassment of publicity.

  12. Reasons for not reporting Rape • The fear of reprisal by the rapist. • The fear of additional “victimization” by court proceedings. • The desire to keep family/friends from knowing.

  13. RAPE statistics • Most rapes are committed by acquaintances of victim. • Most rapists appear to be motivated by the need to feel powerful. • July and August are months with highest number of reported rapes. • December, January, and February are months with lowest number of reported rapes.

  14. Robbery A personal crime that involves face-to-face confrontation . May involve weapons or intimidation Not included: purse snatching and pocket picking Aggravated Assault A weapon is involved or medical attention is needed. Includes: attempted assaults when a weapon is used. Not included: simple assaults, pushing and shoving and fistfights. Part I Offenses cont.

  15. Robbery facts Most of those arrested are: • male (90%) • under age 25 (61%) • minorities (56%) Robbery rates in 2002 (per 100,000): • large cities – 395.2 • rural areas – 17.7

  16. Aggravated Assault Facts • 56%clearance rate (lower than murder) • summer months highest number reported Feb., Nov., and Dec. lowest number reported • 35% blunt object • 28% hands and feet • 19% guns • 18% knives

  17. Aggravated Assault Facts Clearance is relatively low because of the uncooperativeness of the victim. • The victim knows assailant. • The assailant is either the husband or the boyfriend. • The victim considers offense a “personal” matter. • The victim believes he “got what he deserved.” • The victim fears revenge if charges are pursued.

  18. Burglary Primarily a property crime 3 classifications: Forcible entry Unlawful entry w/o force Attempted forcible entry Most jurisdictions don’t require forcible entry Larceny-Theft Theft FROM a motor vehicle Shoplifting Thefts from buildings Theft of MV parts and accessories Bicycle Theft Thefts from coin-operated machines Purse snatching Pocket picketing PART I OFFENSES Cont.

  19. Burglary facts • 31%of all burglaries are unlawful entries. • 63%are forcible entries. • 6.5%are attempted forcible entries. • 2 millionburglaries reported in 2001. • Daytime burglaries are the most common. • The clearance rate in 2001 was only 13%.

  20. Larceny/Theft Facts • is the most frequently reported crime. • total value of property stolen is around $5.2 billion.

  21. Motor Vehicle Theft Self propelled vehicles that run on the ground, not on rails. Excludes: trains, airplanes, bulldozers, farm equip., ships, boats & spacecraft Arson Intentional and unlawful burning of structures Burning of vehicles Unable to integrate stats into crime index Not many agencies report PART I OFFENSES Cont.

  22. Types of Motor Vehicle Theft • short-term transportation • long-term transportation • commission of another crime • profit • highly organized professionals • amateur auto strippers who steal for parts.

  23. Types of Motor Vehicle Theft • Carjacking • Legally, carjacking is a type of robbery, not a motor vehicle theft. • It accounts for just over 1% of all car thefts. • Victims and perpetrators tend to be young African-American males. • About half of carjackings are committed by gangs or groups. • About 24% of victims sustain injuries.

  24. Arson Facts • juveniles are arrested for a greater share of this crime than any other. arson for profit – involves a professional arsonist who sets fires for a fee. arson fraud – involves an owner burning his or her business property to escape financial problems or for insurance.

  25. Major offenses Rate per 100,000Number murder 5.6 16,204 forcible rape 33.0 95,136 robbery 145.9 420,637 Agg. assault 310.1 894,348 burglary 746.2 2,151,875 larceny-theft 2445.8 7,052,922 motor vehicle theft 432.1 1,246,096 arson 32.4 74,921

  26. Part II Offenses • Drug-Law violations • Driving under the Influence • Simple Assault • Disorderly Conduct • Liquor Law violations • Public Drunkenness • Fraud • Vandalism

  27. Part II Offenses • Weapons • Curfew Violations • Offenses against the family (nonsupport) • Receiving Stolen Property • Runaways • Forgery and Counterfeiting • Sex Offenses • Etc.

  28. NIBRS • National Incident Based Reporting System • Attempt to improve the UCR • Details are gathered about each criminal incident. • Replaces Part I and Part II offenses with 22 general offenses • Eliminates hierarchy rule

  29. NIBRS • Reports on the elements of crime such as: • Alcohol or other drug influence. • Type of weapon used. • Location of crime. • Etc. • Distinguishes between attempts and completed crimes. • Records rapes of males and females.

  30. NCVS • National Crime Victimization Survey • Dept. of Justice and Bureau of Justice Statistics • Based on victim self-reports through a survey • Began in 1972 • Tries to uncover the “dark figure of crime,” that which is unreported. • Shows that crime is more prevalent than UCR indicates.

  31. NCVS Cont. • 25% of American households are touched by crime each year. • Includes rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault, burglary, personal and household larceny and motor vehicle theft. • Excludes: murder, kidnapping, victimless crimes, commercial robbery and burglary of businesses. • Uses hierarchal counting • Surveys people 12 y.o. and older.

  32. NCVS Cont. • Surveys 42,000 households representing 75,000 people. • No business burglaries or thefts. • No crimes against young people.

  33. NCVS vs. UCR • NCVS Rape includes victimization of both males and females. • NCVS Includes sexual assault. • Arson is not included in the NCVS • NCVS = survey: UCR = police depts. report to FBI

  34. Interesting Facts • The chance of violent attacks is much higher for young black males than any other group. • 1in 21 for black males • 1 in 369 for white females. • Crime and the Nation’s Households, 2000.

  35. SPECIAL CATEGORIES • Crime against women • Crime against the elderly • Hate Crime • Corporate and White-Collar Crime • Organized Crime • Gun Crime • Drug Crime • High-Tech and Computer crime

  36. Crime Statistics research • Pick one of the following cities and find crime statistics for that city: • New York -Los Angeles • Boston -Houston • Atlanta -New Orleans • Chicago -Miami • Philadelphia -Washington D.C.

  37. City Research • Where did you find the statistics for that city? • Are the statistics you found based on law enforcement agency reports or individual surveys? • How many murders were committed in that city in the latest reported year? • How many assaults were committed in that city in the latest reported year? • What race is the majority of the suspects?

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