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Environmental Challenges STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 Hill and Mountain Driving

Environmental Challenges STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 Hill and Mountain Driving A. Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with the correct words. 1. When you drive downhill, __________ makes you go faster. gravity

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Environmental Challenges STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 Hill and Mountain Driving

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  1. Environmental Challenges • STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 • Hill and Mountain Driving • A. Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with the correct words. • 1. When you drive downhill, __________ makes you go faster. • gravity • 2. If you are behind a truck when going downhill, __________ your following distance. • increase • 3. When going from a flat highway to driving uphill, your vehicle needs __________ power to maintain the same speed. • more • 4. Going up a hill in a vehicle equipped with a manual transmission means that you have to __________ to gain power. • downshift

  2. 5. As you drive downhill in a vehicle equipped with manual transmission, you may want to __________ to help your vehicle slow down. • downshift • 6. In high altitudes, there is __________ oxygen in the air. • less • 7. In high altitudes, a vehicle’s engine may stall because at that altitude, gas can __________. • vaporize B. For driving on mountain roads, what are the differences between automatic and manual transmissions? What are some special problems that mountains present because of their high altitudes? When you drive uphill in a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the shifting will be done automatically, but going downhill, you will have to downshift manually if you need to slow down, in a car with a manual transmission, you have to shift manually going either up or down.At high altitudes, steep grades, sharp curves, bad weather conditions, and less oxygen can make driving difficult.

  3. FIND OUT MORE. Go online and look at a topographical road map or atlas of New Jersey. • What is the town name of the highest elevation in New Jersey? • The highest point in New Jersey, High Point, rises 1,803 feet above sea level. It's located in the northwest corner of New Jersey, just south of Port Jervis, New York, in Montague, Sussex County. High Point is found in the Kittatinny Mountain Range, part of the Appalachian Mountains. [ Satellite ] • How high is it? (in feet) • 1803 ft • What is the closest road to this area? • 23, or Greenville Road

  4. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 2 Skids • Complete the following sentences. 1. A __________ skid occurs when a tire suddenly loses pressure. blowout 2. A __________ skid occurs when you apply the brakes so hard that one or more wheels lock. braking 3. When driving on slick roads, you should make __________ and smooth changes in your speed. gradual 4. When __________ is reduced, your tires lose their grip on the road’s surface. traction 5. The kind of skid in which you lose steering control while making a turn is called a __________ skid. cornering 6. A __________skid occurs when you press on the accelerator suddenly, too hard. power

  5. FIND OUT MORE Think about the videos we have watched in class, topics we have discussed or look online at your NJ Manual. • What happens when a driver brakes in a skid? Diagram what happens in the space below. • Describe in detail the correct and safe way to steer out of a skid? • How can you avoid going into a spin, when in a skid? • If you get a flat tire and a blowout skid occurs, what should you do? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bcyuTQQIe0

  6. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3 Avoiding or Minimizing Crash Damage • For each pair of vehicles, put an X next to the one that would experience the greater force of impact in a collision. • Vehicle A is moving at 35 mph. • Vehicle B is moving at 45 mph. • Vehicle B is moving at 45 mph. • Truck X hits a tree. • Truck Y hits a wooden fence. • Truck X hits a tree. • Vehicle Y is carrying five passengers. • Vehicle C is carrying only the driver. • Vehicle Y is carrying five passengers. • Motorcycle A runs into a haystack. • Motorcycle B runs into a concrete divider. • Motorcycle B runs into a concrete divider.

  7. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3 (Continued) • Avoiding or Minimizing Crash Damage • B. With a ruler, measure the tread depth of the tires on a family vehicle. • What was the tread depth of each tire? • RF Tire, LF Tire, RB Tire, LB Tire • Did the car have all four tires with a tread depth of at least 1/16 inch?

  8. FIND OUT MORE. The chapter briefly discusses what an antilock brake system (ABS) is. Use any resource that you can find, such as a mechanic, literature from the internet or an advertisement. Find out as much as you can about an antilock brake system. • How does it work? In most cases you are able to steer while braking. • Would you want one in your vehicle? • Safe Braking with ABS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKiTAcXK6M4&feature=related

  9. Tire Tread Testing Wear Bars & Penny Testing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwKXnxu-CLk&NR=1 Penny & Quarter Testing Comparison http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pwDrny-4KY Does The Penny Tire Test Actually Work? Best Quarter 4/32 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNA3u90s1a0&feature=fvw

  10. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 4 Challenging Environmental Factors A. For each sentence below, circle T if the statement is true and F if it is false. If the statement is false, correct it in the space below. 1. Decreased visibility makes it easier to judge distances. False - Decreased visibility makes it more difficult to judge distances. • 2. Bad weather can reduce the ability of your tires to grip the road. True • 3. When driving on snow or ice, it is essential to change direction quickly to minimize the risk of skidding. False - Change direction slowly to minimize the risk of skidding. 4.Roads are the slickest in the early part of a rainstorm because the moisture mixes with dirt and oil on the road. True 5.The main thing you can do to prevent hydroplaning is to drive slowly. True

  11. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 14 LESSON 4 (continued) • Challenging Environmental Factors • 6. Using your high beam headlights is essential in fog. • False - Use your low beam headlights in fog. • 7. A strong gust of wind can push a vehicle out of its lane. • True • 8. When approaching a large vehicle on a slushy roadway, turn on your windshield wipers as you meet. • False - Turn on your windshield washer and wipers 30 seconds before you meet. • 9. Traction is the single most important factor in maintaining vehicle control. • True • After driving through a deep puddle, you should immediately test your brakes. • True

  12. FIND OUT MORE. Research collision statistics for New Jersey at the following link: • How many collisions occurred in NJ during 2012 because of rain? • What actions can you take to minimize the chance that hydroplaning will happen to you. • Reduce your speed • Check your tire treads • Be aware of the highest point on the road • Don’t drive in the rain

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